human growth and development

what are the stages of human growth and development?

• fetal stage

• postnatal stage

what are the significant phases in the postnatal stage?

• infancy

• toddler

• childhood

• adolescence

• adulthood

what are the factors that affect growth and development?

• genetics

• fetal health

• environmental factors

what are the environmental factors that influence growth and development?

• socioeconomic factors

• the family characteristics

• nutrition

• experiences in early childhood

what are the forms of measurement of growth?

• length or height

• weight

• head circumference

• body mass index (BMI)

• weight-to-length ratio

• hip-to-waist ratio

• triceps and subscapular skinfolds

• sexual maturity, skeletal maturity

• dental assessment

what are Erikson’s 8 stages of psychosocial development?

1. trust and mistrust in infancy

2. autonomy and doubt in the toddler age group

3. initiative and guilt in the preschool age group

4. industry and inferiority in the early school years

5. identity and role confusion in adolescence

6. intimacy and isolation in early adulthood

7. generatively and stagnation in middle adulthood

8. ego integrity and despair in late adulthood.

what are red flags in growth and development?

• no babbling by 12 months, no single words by 16 months, no 2-word sentences by 2 years, and loss of language skills

• children whose height or weight are blow the 5th percentile or above the 95th percentile or cross 2 major centile lines

• persistent fisting for more than 3 months

• the persistence of primitive reflexes and rolling before 2 months

• hand dominance before 18 months