Feeds and feeding quiz - swine production
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what are the five stages of swine production
breeding, gestation, farrowing, nursery, and growing/finishing
how long is swine gestation
3 months, 3 weeks, 3 days
at what age are gilts typically bred
220 days old
when do nutrtional requirments increase during gestation
during third trimester
what is the average swine litter size
10-12 piglets
what is the average piglet birth weight
2-3 lbs
what is farrowing
birth of piglets
how long is the farrowing to nursery period
3 weeks
what is the nutrtional focus during farrowing
meeting the mothers nutritional needs to support milk prooduction
what is the piglet weaning weight
15 lbs
what happens during the nursery phase
piglets are introduced to solid feed and nursery rations
what are primary ingredients in nursery phase
corn and SBM
what is the weight at the end of he nursery phase
60 lbs
what is the growing/finishing phase
the phase where pigs grow toward market weight
what is the finished markt weight of a hog
250-280 lbs
at what age are market hogs slaughtered
8 months
what is the number one nutrient of concern in swine diets
protein
why must swine diets balance specific amino acids
pigs require specific amino acids in the correct ratios
what is the first limiting amino acid
lysine
what are other important amino acids
methionine, cysteine, trptophan, and threonine
what factors influence amino acid requirements
age, body weight, and production stage
what is ileal digestibility
measurement of nutrients, especially amino acids, absorbed by the end of the ileum
whhere does most amino acid absoprtion occur
in the small intestine, before the end of the ileum
what happens to portein beyong the ileum
microbes ferment remaining protein
what does SID stand for
standarizeed ileal digestibility
what does SID measure
the standardized availability of amino acids for absorption by pigs
what is a prestarter diet
specialized diet fed to young piglets, especially runts
what is the CP of pre starter diets
28%
why are prestarter diets fed to runts
to provide additional nutrients and support growth
how can pre starter diets benefit the sow
they help transition piglets to solid feed and reduce some nutrtional demandds on the mother
what type of feed is a prestarter ration
complete feed
what a milk replacer made with
lactose or whey
what is a coccidiostat
a feed additive used to control cocciosis
what is the purpose of a starter diet
to support pigley growth during the nursery phase
what is the CP of swine starter diets
20%
what additives may be included in starter diets
coccidiostats, metabolic modifiers, vitamins, minerals, phytase, and beta glucans
what is the CP of grower diet
16%
what is the CP of a finsiher diet
14%
what is a unique mineral requirement in young piglets
iron
how can iron be provided to piglets
through injection or oral doses
why do piglets need supplemental iron
they are born with limited iron stores, and sows milk does not provide enough
what is spray dried plasma protein
a highly digestible protein ingredient containing antibodies
what is the CP of spray dried plasma protein
78%
why is spray dried plasma used in prestarter diets
it provides highly digestible protein and antibodies
what is anutrtional concern with spray dried plasma
high in sodium
what are crystalline amino acids
sytnhetic amino acids added to diets to meet specific amino acid requirements
why are crystalline amino acids used in prestarter diets
to correct amino acid defeciencies
what is the purpose of adding fat to growing pig diets
to increase dietary energy and improve feed efficiency
what is the maximum fat inclusion mentioned for growing pigs
3%
what happens when growing pigs consume too much dietary fat
excessive fat depostion and creased backfat
in what climate can dietary fat improve feed efficiency
cold climates
why do pigs need more energy in cold climates
they require additional energy for thermoregulation
how much more energy may thermoregulation require in cold conditions
2.25 times the energy
what can excess carbohydrates do to meat quality
negatively affect meat quality
what is the minimum dietary fat percentage noted for gestation and lactation
at least 7%
when should dietary fat increase before farrowing
during the final 2 weeks before parturition
what are the benefits of dietary fat during lactation
improved milk yield and milk quality
how can fat supplementation affect colostrum
it can improve colostrum quality
what is the piglet survivability improvement with better milk and colostrum
3%
what is the breeding weight for gilts
250-300 lbs
what CP is for breeding gilts
16%
what type of ration is given to gilts
grower rations
how much should energy intake be limited in gilts
75%
why should gilts avoid excessive dietary fat
excessive fat can decrease reproductive success
what CP is listed for sows
14%