Enzymes

list the chemical elements that make up carbs, fats and proteins

Carbs- carbon, oxygen, hydrogen

fats- carbon, oxygen, hydrogen

proteins- carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur

starch, glycogen and cellulose from

glucose

proteins from

amino acids

fats and oils from

fatty acids and glycerol

test for starch

iodine solution, yellow-brown - blue-black

reducing sugars

benedicts solution and heat, blue→ green - brick red precipate

proteins test

biurets solution, blue→ liliac

fats test

ethanol, shake and water, white emulsion

enzymes

proteins that are involved in all metabolic reactions where they function as biological molecules

optium temperature

the temperature at which the enzyme has its maximum activity

describe temperature increase in enzyme activity (5)

kinetic energy gained, faster, more successful collisions, rate of reaction increases, until optium temp

what happens if temp is over optium temp (6)

bonds in enzymes break, active site changes shape, substrate no longer fits, enzyme is denatured, no products released, reaction rate decreases

describe and explain enzyme action with reference to- the active site, enzyme-substrate, complex and product

The substrate binds to the enzyme's active site, forming an enzyme-substrate complex. The enzyme catalyses the reaction, converting the substrate into product(s). The products leave the active site, leaving the enzyme unchanged

photosynthesis

the process by which plants synthisise using carbohydrates from raw materials using energy from light

word equation for photosynthesis

carbon dioxide+water→glucose + water (in presence of light and chlorophyll)

chlorophyll

a green pigment that is found in chloroplasts

blanced equation for photosynthesis

6CO2 + 6H2O →C6H12O6 + 6O2

chlorophyll transfers energy..

from light into energy in chemicals for the synthesis of carbohydrates

subsequent use of starch in photosynthesis

energy store

subsequent use of cellulose in photosynthesis

to build walls

subsequent use of glucose in photosynthesis

to provide energy for respiration

subsequent use of sucrose in photosynthesis

for transport in the phloem

subsequent use of nectar in photosynthesis

to attract insects for pollination

Nitrate ions → amino acids

Nitrate → Nitrogen → Amino acids → Proteins → Growth

Magnesium ions → chlorophyll

Magnesium → Chlorophyll → Absorbs light → Photosynthesis