Memory

Crucial part of the brain for memory formation.

Hippocampus

The process of transforming what we perceive, think, or feel into a memory.

Encoding

Brief type of memory that retains large amounts of sensory information for a short period.

Sensory memory

The phenomenon of improved recall of the first and last items in a list.

Serial position effects

Type of long-term memory that involves recalling facts and general knowledge.

Semantic memory

Short-term memory has a limited capacity and a very brief duration.

False

Priming is an example of implicit memory.

True

The encoding specificity principle states that memory is improved when the retrieval situation matches the encoding situation.

True

Blocking occurs when old learning interferes with new memories.

False

Flashbulb memories are not always completely accurate and reliable.

False

Visual sensory memory lasting less than 1 second, e.g., briefly seeing a flash of light.

Iconic memory

Auditory sensory memory lasting 3-4 seconds, e.g., hearing a sound and briefly retaining it.

Echoic memory

Environmental factors or words from the original learning context that help in memory recall.

Retrieval cues

Had his hippocampus removed, resulting in severe anterograde amnesia; could not form new explicit memories.

Patient HM

Type of memory failure where memories fade over time.

Transience

Type of memory failure caused by lack of attention, leading to forgetting.

Absentmindedness

Type of memory failure where the individual temporarily cannot recall information despite knowing it.

Blocking

Demonstrated that memory can be influenced by misleading information, affecting recall.

Loftus & Palmer study

Memory of personal events.

Episodic memory

Memory of how to perform tasks.

Procedural memory

Lapse in attention leading to forgetting.

Absentmindedness

Failure to recall something despite knowing it.

Blocking

Organized knowledge structure or mental model stored in memory.

Schema