NR283 Quiz 2 Nursing Application Questions
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Q: A client has been on bed rest for several weeks. Which musculoskeletal changes should the nurse expect?
A: Muscle weakness and atrophy, joint stiffness, and loss of bone density.
Think: No movement → weak muscles + stiff joints + weaker bones.
Q: A client has become increasingly weak after prolonged immobility. What is the most likely explanation?
A: Lack of movement causes muscles to weaken and shrink.
Think: Use it or lose it.
Q: A client with prolonged immobility develops joint stiffness and limited movement. What complication may be developing?
A: Contracture.
Think: Stiff joint + limited ROM.
Q: A client has been immobile for an extended period. Why is bone density reduced?
A: Bones lose density when they are not regularly stressed by movement.
Think: Bones need stress.
Q: A client has been immobile and develops a pressure injury. Which factors contributed to this complication?
A: Pressure and reduced circulation associated with immobility.
Think: Pressure + poor blood flow = skin breakdown.
Q: A nurse is caring for a client who cannot move independently. Which complication involving circulation should the nurse monitor for?
A: Blood clots such as deep vein thrombosis.
Think: Immobility increases clot risk.
Q: A client with prolonged immobility develops warmth and swelling in one lower leg. What should the nurse recognize?
A: These findings may indicate a deep vein thrombosis.
Think: Warm + swollen leg + immobility = DVT concern.
Q: A client who has been immobile suddenly reports shortness of breath. What serious complication should the nurse consider?
A: Pulmonary embolism.
Think: A clot can travel to the lungs.
Q: A client with prolonged immobility develops constipation. What physiologic change contributes to this?
A: Reduced movement slows gastrointestinal motility.
Think: Less movement → slower GI.
Q: A client has been confined to bed and develops decreased lung expansion. What caused this complication?
A: Reduced movement can decrease normal lung expansion.
Think: Immobility affects breathing too.
Q: Which intervention should the nurse encourage to reduce complications of immobility when appropriate?
A: Movement and range-of-motion exercises.
Think: Keep the body moving.
Q: A client cannot ambulate independently. Which intervention can help maintain mobility?
A: Range-of-motion exercises as appropriate.
Think: ROM preserves movement.
Q: A client is at risk for pressure injuries because of prolonged immobility. How often should the client be repositioned according to the course material?
A: Every 2 hours.
Think: Reposition to relieve pressure.
Q: A nurse is caring for a client with limited mobility. Which area should be assessed regularly because of pressure and poor circulation?
A: The skin.
Think: Immobility → skin risk.
Q: A client with prolonged immobility asks what can help support respiratory function. What should the nurse encourage?
A: Deep breathing and coughing.
Think: Move the lungs too.
Q: A client with impaired mobility asks what habits can support overall recovery. What should the nurse reinforce?
A: Adequate hydration and adequate protein intake.
Think: Move + hydrate + protein.
Q: A client with prolonged immobility develops leg pain and swelling. What should the nurse teach the client?
A: Report the symptoms.
Think: New leg swelling/pain = report.
Q: A client with prolonged immobility develops new breathing problems. Why should the nurse take this seriously?
A: Breathing problems may indicate a serious complication such as pulmonary embolism.
Think: Immobility + breathing change = red flag.
Q: A client avoids movement because of severe pain. What long-term consequence should the nurse recognize?
A: Reduced movement can lead to weakness, stiffness, bone loss, and other complications.
Think: Pain → less movement → more problems.
Q: A client had a stroke and now has impaired mobility. Which system is directly involved in the mobility problem?
A: The nervous system, which sends signals for movement.
Think: Nerves control movement.
Q: Why is the cardiovascular system important when caring for an immobile client?
A: Reduced mobility increases clot risk and can impair circulation.
Think: Movement protects circulation.
Q: A client has prolonged immobility and increasing skin breakdown. Which two factors from the course material are most closely related?
A: Pressure and poor circulation.
Think: Pressure + poor circulation.
Q: A client with limited mobility develops constipation. Which interrelated system concept should the nurse recognize?
A: Metabolism/GI motility is affected by inactivity.
Think: Inactivity slows the gut.
Q: A client with chronic illness has been hospitalized for several weeks. Why is this client at increased risk for mobility-related complications?
A: Chronic illness and prolonged hospitalization can contribute to immobility.
Think: Illness + long stay = mobility risk.
Q: A client has a fracture with pain, swelling, and instability. How will the fracture affect mobility?
A: It can make movement difficult and limit mobility until the bone heals.
Think: Broken bone = pain + instability.
Q: A client with osteoporosis has weak, brittle bones. What is the major concern related to mobility?
A: Increased risk of fractures and decreased safe movement.
Think: Weak bones = fracture risk.
Q: A client with osteoarthritis reports stiffness, pain, and decreased range of motion. What underlying change is responsible?
A: Gradual breakdown of cartilage in the joints.
Think: OA = cartilage breakdown.
Q: A client with rheumatoid arthritis has painful, swollen joints. What is occurring pathophysiologically?
A: The immune system attacks joint tissues, producing inflammation and swelling.
Think: RA = autoimmune joint inflammation.
Q: A client with rheumatoid arthritis has chronic joint inflammation. What can happen if the process interferes with the joint over time?
A: Joint deformity can develop and interfere with normal movement.
Think: Chronic inflammation → joint damage.
Q: A client reports pain whenever a joint is moved. Which manifestation is the nurse recognizing?
A: Pain with movement.
Think: Movement triggers pain.
Q: A client has persistent joint stiffness and swelling. What functional effect should the nurse expect?
A: Decreased range of motion and difficulty with mobility.
Think: Stiff/swollen → less ROM.
Q: A client with a musculoskeletal disorder has difficulty walking. What other area of function may be affected?
A: The ability to perform daily activities.
Think: Mobility affects ADLs.
Q: A client has a history of fractures and bone loss. Why is this history significant?
A: Previous fractures and bone loss increase the risk for additional musculoskeletal problems.
Think: Past bone problems matter.
Q: A client has low calcium/vitamin D intake and is inactive. What concern should the nurse recognize?
A: Increased risk for weakened bones and bone loss.
Think: Bones need nutrients + activity.
Q: A client has long-term steroid use. Why is this relevant to the musculoskeletal system?
A: Long-term steroid use is a risk factor for bone loss.
Think: Steroids + bone = risk.
Q: A client with impaired mobility needs help walking. What should the nurse teach regarding assistive devices?
A: Use devices such as a walker or cane safely.
Think: Assistive devices support safe mobility.
Q: A client with joint pain and stiffness asks what measures may help symptoms. What should the nurse teach?
A: Heat or cold may be used for pain and stiffness as appropriate.
Think: Symptom relief can support movement.
Q: A client with a musculoskeletal disorder reports worsening pain and swelling. What should the nurse teach?
A: Report the worsening symptoms.
Think: Worsening = report.
Q: A client with a musculoskeletal disorder suddenly becomes unable to bear weight. What should the nurse recognize?
A: Inability to bear weight is a concerning change that should be reported.
Think: Sudden loss of function matters.
Q: A client with osteoarthritis becomes progressively less active because movement is painful. What additional problem should the nurse monitor for?
A: Complications associated with reduced mobility, including clot and pressure-injury risk.
Think: Pain can start an immobility cycle.
Q: A client with rheumatoid arthritis asks why the disease affects movement. What should the nurse explain?
A: Inflammation and damage to joint tissues can interfere with normal movement.
Think: Inflamed joints don't move normally.
Q: A client with osteoporosis asks why weight-bearing activity is encouraged as tolerated. What is the rationale?
A: Weight-bearing activity supports bone strength.
Think: Bones respond to stress.
Q: A client has chronic musculoskeletal pain and is becoming less active. What pattern should the nurse recognize?
A: Pain can reduce movement, which can contribute to weakness and other complications of immobility.
Think: Pain → inactivity → weakness.
Q: A client with decreased range of motion has difficulty dressing and walking. What is the underlying connection?
A: Reduced joint function can interfere with daily activities.
Think: ROM affects function.
Q: A client has rheumatoid arthritis and persistent inflammation. Which two concepts are directly connected?
A: Immune dysfunction and musculoskeletal inflammation.
Think: RA connects immunity + joints.
Q: A client with reduced mobility develops constipation and increasing weakness. What common factor connects both findings?
A: Inactivity.
Think: Less movement affects multiple systems.
Q: A microorganism enters the body and begins multiplying. What process is occurring?
A: Infection.
Think: Entry + multiplication.
Q: A client asks whether every microorganism is harmful. What should the nurse explain?
A: No. Many microorganisms are harmless or beneficial and support normal body function.
Think: Microbe ≠ automatically harmful.
Q: A client develops an infection. What does the immune system do in response?
A: It activates immune defenses, produces inflammation, recruits white blood cells, and works to destroy or contain the pathogen.
Think: Detect → inflame → recruit → contain.
Q: A client with a weakened immune system develops an infection. Why may the infection be difficult to control?
A: The immune system may struggle to eliminate or contain the pathogen.
Think: Weak defense = harder fight.
Q: A client has poor hygiene and frequent close contact with infected individuals. What does the nurse identify?
A: Increased infection risk.
Think: More exposure + poor prevention = risk.
Q: A client has a break in the skin. Why does this increase infection risk?
A: It removes a protective barrier and creates an entry point for microorganisms.
Think: Broken barrier = open door.
Q: A nurse fails to perform hand hygiene between clients. What problem can result?
A: Increased transmission of microorganisms.
Think: Hands spread infection.
Q: A client with an invasive medical device develops signs of infection. Why was the client at increased risk?
A: The device can provide a pathway for microorganisms to enter the body.
Think: Invasive device = entry route.
Q: A client has poor wound care practices. What infection-related concern should the nurse identify?
A: Increased risk for infection.
Think: Poor wound care → infection risk.
Q: A client develops fever, chills, and fatigue. What should the nurse consider?
A: These can be general manifestations of infection.
Think: Whole-body sick feeling.
Q: A client has redness, warmth, swelling, and pain at one wound site. What pattern does this suggest?
A: A local inflammatory response associated with infection.
Think: Local red + warm + swollen + painful.
Q: A client has cough, sore throat, congestion, and breathing changes. Which type of infection should the nurse consider?
A: Respiratory infection.
Think: Respiratory symptoms = respiratory infection.
Q: A client has nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Which type of infection should the nurse consider?
A: Gastrointestinal infection.
Think: GI symptoms = GI infection.
Q: A client with an infection reports fatigue and weakness. What contributes to these symptoms?
A: The body is using energy and resources to fight the invading organism.
Think: Fighting infection takes energy.
Q: A client's infection remains confined to the area where the microorganism entered. How should the nurse classify it?
A: Local infection.
Think: Stays at the site = local.
Q: A pathogen enters the bloodstream or lymphatic system and spreads throughout the body. How should the nurse classify it?
A: Systemic infection.
Think: Spreads = systemic.
Q: A client has redness, warmth, swelling, tenderness, and purulent drainage limited to one wound. What type of infection does this suggest?
A: Local infection.
Think: Localized signs = local.
Q: A client with a wound infection develops fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea. What should the nurse suspect?
A: Progression toward systemic infection.
Think: Local site + whole-body signs.
Q: Why is an untreated local infection concerning?
A: It can progress to systemic infection.
Think: Local can spread.
Q: A client with an infected wound develops an elevated WBC count, fever, and fatigue. What does this suggest?
A: A systemic immune response may be developing.
Think: Body-wide response.
Q: An older adult with infection becomes confused. What should the nurse recognize?
A: Confusion or altered mental status can occur with systemic infection, especially in older adults.
Think: Older adult + infection + confusion.
Q: A client with a local infection develops tachycardia and tachypnea. Why are these findings important?
A: They may indicate that the infection is producing systemic effects.
Think: Whole-body response.
Q: A client with systemic infection develops impaired circulation. What serious complication should the nurse recognize as possible?
A: Shock.
Think: Systemic infection → perfusion problem.
Q: A nurse is deciding whether an infection is local or systemic. Why is this distinction important?
A: It helps determine the extent of the infection and supports clinical judgment and prioritization.
Think: Extent changes urgency.
Q: A microorganism enters the body and the client immediately responds with inflammation. Which branch of immunity is responsible?
A: Innate immunity.
Think: Immediate + nonspecific = innate.
Q: A client relies on skin and mucus as defenses against microorganisms. Which type of immunity do these defenses represent?
A: Innate immunity.
Think: Built-in barriers.
Q: A client develops a specific immune response after exposure to an antigen. Which branch of immunity is involved?
A: Acquired immunity.
Think: Learned defense.
Q: A client makes their own antibodies after antigen exposure. What type of immunity is this?
A: Active immunity.
Think: Body makes it = active.
Q: A client receives antibodies from another source. What type of immunity is this?
A: Passive immunity.
Think: Receives it = passive.
Q: A client encounters an antigen for the first time and develops antibodies slowly over 1–2 weeks. Which response is occurring?
A: Primary immune response.
Think: First exposure = slow.
Q: A client is exposed to the same antigen again and develops a faster, stronger response. What explains this?
A: Memory cells produce a secondary immune response.
Think: Memory = faster response.
Q: A client develops recurrent infections. What should the nurse consider about immune function?
A: Weak or suppressed immunity may be contributing.
Think: Repeated infections → weak defense.
Q: A client has poor nutrition, inadequate sleep, and chronic stress. Why are these factors relevant to immunity?
A: They are modifiable factors that can weaken immune support.
Think: Lifestyle affects immunity.
Q: A client has an immunosuppressive medication and a chronic disease. Why is infection prevention especially important?
A: Both factors can increase susceptibility to infection by weakening or suppressing immune defenses.
Think: Disease + suppression = higher risk.
Q: A client has a fluid compartment inside the cells and another outside the cells. Which major electrolyte should the nurse associate with the intracellular compartment?
A: Potassium (Kⁱ).
Think: ICF → Kⁱ.
Q: Which major electrolyte is associated with the extracellular compartment?
A: Sodium (Naⁱ).
Think: ECF → Naⁱ.
Q: A solution causes water to move into a client's cells. How should the nurse classify the solution?
A: Hypotonic.
Think: Hypotonic → water in → cells swell.
Q: A solution causes water to move out of a client's cells. What happens to the cells?
A: They shrink.
Think: Hypertonic → water out.
Q: A client is exposed to an isotonic solution. What major fluid shift should the nurse expect?
A: No major net shift of water.
Think: Iso = balanced.
Q: A client develops fluid deficit. Which hormone response helps conserve water?
A: Increased ADH.
Think: ADH holds water.
Q: A client develops fluid deficit. Which hormone promotes sodium retention, with water following sodium?
A: Aldosterone.
Think: Aldosterone holds Naⁱ → water follows.
Q: A client has significant fluid excess. Which hormones help promote sodium and water removal?
A: ANP and BNP.
Think: Natriuretic peptides = excrete.
Q: A client has vomiting and diarrhea and is becoming tachycardic. What type of imbalance should the nurse suspect?
A: Fluid deficit.
Think: GI losses → volume loss.
Q: A client with fluid deficit has hypotension and weak pulses. What underlying change explains both findings?
A: Decreased circulating blood volume.
Think: Low volume → low pressure + weak pulse.
Q: A client with fluid deficit develops tachycardia. Why?
A: The cardiovascular system is compensating for decreased circulating volume to help maintain perfusion.
Think: Heart speeds up to compensate.
Q: A client with fluid deficit develops dark, concentrated urine. What mechanism explains this finding?
A: The kidneys are conserving water.
Think: Save water → concentrated urine.
Q: A client with fluid deficit becomes dizzy and weak. Why can these findings occur?
A: Reduced circulating volume can decrease tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery.
Think: Low volume → low perfusion.
Q: A client with significant fluid deficit becomes confused. What should the nurse consider?
A: Worsening fluid deficit with impaired perfusion and/or electrolyte disturbance.
Think: Confusion = worsening picture.
Q: A client with fluid deficit has thirst and dry mucous membranes. What overall pattern do these findings indicate?
A: Fluid deficit.
Think: Dry + thirsty = think deficit.
Q: A client has edema, crackles, shortness of breath, and rapid weight gain. What condition should the nurse suspect?
A: Fluid excess.
Think: Swollen + wet lungs + rapid weight.
Q: Why does fluid excess produce edema?
A: Increased circulating volume raises hydrostatic pressure and promotes movement of fluid into tissues.
Think: More pressure → fluid moves out.
Q: A client with fluid excess develops crackles. What do the crackles suggest?
A: Excess fluid has entered the lungs and may impair gas exchange.
Think: Fluid overload → lungs.
Q: A client with fluid excess develops JVD and bounding pulses. What do these findings suggest?
A: Increased circulating fluid volume.
Think: More volume → fuller veins/pulses.
Q: A client gains several pounds rapidly while being treated for fluid excess. What should the nurse suspect?
A: Fluid accumulation.
Think: Rapid weight change → think fluid.