exam 2 recall material

material that i keep forgetting and need to recall. for exam 2 material only.

What will you find in the abdomen when you assess someone with suspected cholecystitis

Pain, rigidity, tenderness

What can cholecystitis be caused by

Calculous and Acalculous

Who are the most common risk population for cholelithiasis

4 F’s: Fat Fertile Females in their Forties

What are the kinds of gallstones that can be found in Cholelithiasis

Pigment (cannot be dissolved, must be surgically removed) and Cholesterol (constitute of bile)

What kind of epigastric distress will you find in someone with cholelithiasis

distention, RUQ pain after a meal rich in fried/fatty foods

Which Hepatitis has the longest incubation period

B (1-6 months)

Which hepatitis’ can be chronic

B and C

What is the diagnostic tests for HAV

HAV antigen in stool, liver/spleen mildly enlarged

What are the diagnostic tests for HBV

HBsAg

How do you treat HAV

Supportive: bed rest in acute stage, nutritious diet, small frequent feedings; IV glucose if anorexia is severe.

How do you treat HBV

Chronic: alpha-interferon (injection, many side effects), peg-interferon, entecavir, tenofovir. Rest until symptoms and enzymes improve; protein NOT restricted.

How do you treat HCV

Direct-acting antivirals (-vir): sofosbuvir combos (ledipasvir-, ombitasvir-paritaprevir-ritonavir, daclatasvir-). Rest/diet/vitamins don't help.