quiz 6 anatomy lab (self-quiz, word roots, and checklist)

card

heart

retro

behind

gastr

stomach

cephala

head

hem

blood

sub

under

dig

finger/toe

brach

arm

pulmo

lung

supra

above

hepat

liver

inter

between

costa

rib

ren

kidney

right coronary branches

anterior ventricular, right marginal, posterior interventricular

left coronary branches

anterior interventricular, circumflex

circumflex branches

left marginal and posterior ventricular

branches of the aortic arch

brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery

branches of brachiocephalic trunk

right subclavian artery and right common carotid artery

branches of the thoracic aorta

right and left intercostals

branches and vessels of each common carotid

external carotid, facial artery, internal carotid, carotid sinus

celiac trunk branches

left gastric, common hepatic, splenic branches

- "cowboys love saloons"

superior mesenteric branches

intestinal branches, middle colic artery, right colic artery

- MRI

inferior mesenteric branches

left colic, sigmoid, rectal branches

- LSR

umbilical vein

round ligament or ligamentum teres

ductus venosus

ligamentum venosum

- oxygen

foramen ovale

fossa ovalis

ductus arteriosus

ligamentum arteriosum

- deoxy

R and L umbilical arteries

R and L medial umbilical ligaments

gloss

tongue

labi

lips

ling

tongue

parie

wall

peri

surrounding

phren

diaphragm

visc

hollow organ

What happens to the diaphragm during inhalation?

it contracts and moves downward, increasing thoracic cavity volume and decreasing pressure, allowing air to flow in.

How do the external intercostal muscles contribute to inhalation?

contract to lift the ribs upward and outward, expanding the chest cavity.

What is the role of the abdominal wall during inhalation?

muscles relax, allowing abdominal contents to move downward for lung expansion.

What occurs in the diaphragm during exhalation?

relaxes and moves upward, decreasing thoracic volume and increasing pressure to expel air.

How do the rib cage muscles change during exhalation?

The external intercostals relax and internal intercostals may contract, causing the ribs to move downward and inward.

What is the function of the abdominal wall during forced exhalation?

It contracts to push the diaphragm upward and expel more air.

What are true vocal cords and their function?

True vocal cords contain vocal ligaments covered by mucous membrane and vibrate to produce sound as air passes through.

Where are the true vocal cords located in relation to the false vocal cords?

True vocal cords are located inferior to the false vocal cords.

What is the primary role of false vocal cords?

False vocal cords do not produce sound; they protect the true vocal cords and help close the glottis during swallowing.

What is the relationship between vocal folds and vocal ligaments?

Each vocal fold contains a vocal ligament that provides structure and tension, affecting pitch and tone.

What is a mesentery?

A mesentery is a double layer of peritoneum that suspends and supports portions of the digestive organs in the abdominal cavity.

What are the functions of a mesentery?

It anchors organs while allowing movement and carries blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics to the intestines.

What is the role of the epiglottis during swallowing?

The epiglottis covers the laryngeal opening, directing food to the esophagus.

What are the three sections of the pharynx and their functions?

Nasopharynx (only respiratory), oropharynx (shared by respiratory and digestive), and laryngopharynx (divides into larynx and esophagus).

function of the respiratory system

deliver oxygen to the body and eliminate the carbon dioxide produced by the body

function of the digestive system

break down food both chemically and mechanically, absorb nutrients, and excrete waste.

function of true vocal cords

thin, vibrate to produce sounds (vocal)

function of false vocal cords

thick, protection of vocal folds (vestibular)

function of nasal conchae/meati

slow air down

warm/humidify air

increase surface air

filtration system

soft palate during inhalation

lifts to let air in

soft palate during exhalation

relax/lowers to let air out

epiglottis during inhalation

folds over to divert food and allow air in

epiglottis during exhalation

remains open to allow air to move freely out

pleural space and what fluid fills it

thin, fluid filled space between the visceral pleura and parietal pleura (the two membranes that surround the lungs)

- filled with pleural fluid which helps to lubricate and reduce tension

epithelia directly covering the lungs

visceral pleura

epithelia directly covering the pleural cavity walls

parietal pleura

epithelia directly lining the trachea

respiratory epithelium (pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelum)

passage way of air out

alveoli - alveolar sacs - alveolar ducts - respiratory bronchioles - terminale bronchioles - bronchioles - tertiary bronchi - secondary bronchi - primary bronchi - trachea - larynx - pharynx - nasal cavity

passage way of air in

nasal cavity - pharynx - larynx - trachea - primary bronchi - secondary bronchi - tertiary bronchi - bronchioles - terminale bronchioles - respiratory bronchioles - alveolar ducts - alveolar sacs - alveoli

bile flow with food in stomach

right and left hepatic duct - common hepatic duct - common bile duct (gall bladder - cystic duct) - duodenal wall - duodenal papilla - lumen of duodenum

bile flow without food in stomach

right and left hepatic duct - common hepatic duct - cystic duct - gall bladder

passage way of food from the lips to the anus

orbicularis oris - oral cavity - oropharynx - esophagus - cardiac sphincter - stomach - pyloric sphincter - duodenum - jejunum - ileum - ileocecal valve - cecum - ascending colon - transverse colon - descending colon - sigmoid colon - rectum - internal anal sphincter - external anal sphincter - anus

what are mesenteries' function

fused double sheets of peritoneal membrane that suspend portions of the digestive tract and help to stabilize the positions of the attached organs to prevent entanglement

nasopharynx border

hard palate - soft palate

oropharynx border

soft palate - hyoid bone

laryngopharynx border

hyoid bone - trachea (not included)

parotid gland cranial nerve (motor)

glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

sublingual gland cranial nerve (motor)

facial (CN VII)

submandibular gland cranial nerve (motor)

facial (CN VII)

mandibular (CN V3)