Hitler's Rise to Power, 1919–1933

When did Hitler join the German Workers' Party (DAP)?

September 1919, became the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in 1920.

What was the Nazi Party's 25-Point Programme (1920)?

Policies including rejection of Versailles, uniting German-speaking people, antisemitism, stronger national government.

What was the SA?

Nazi paramilitary organisation, known as Brownshirts, which protected meetings and intimidated opponents.

What was the Munich Putsch (1923)?

Hitler's failed attempt to overthrow the Bavarian government, resulting in his imprisonment.

What were the consequences of the Munich Putsch?

Hitler was imprisoned, gained publicity and decided to pursue power through legal means.

What was Mein Kampf?

Hitler's book outlining Nazi ideology, including extreme nationalism, antisemitism and territorial expansion.

How was the Nazi Party reorganised after 1924?

Hitler established local branches, appointed Gauleiters and developed propaganda and the SS.

Why was Nazi support limited during 1924–1928?

Economic recovery reduced support for extremist parties, Nazis won only 12 Reichstag seats May 1928.

What caused the Great Depression in Germany?

1929 Wall Street Crash led to US loan withdrawals, business failures, mass unemployment.

How badly did unemployment affect Germany by 1932?

Approximately 6 million Germans unemployed.

Why did the Depression increase Nazi support?

Economic hardship weakened confidence in Weimar democracy, increased demand for strong leadership.

How did Nazi propaganda attract voters?

Goebbels used posters, rallies, speeches and radio to present Hitler as Germany's saviour.

How did the SA help Nazi electoral success?

Intimidated political opponents and created an impression of Nazi strength and discipline.

How did Nazi electoral support change by July 1932?

Nazis became the largest Reichstag party, winning 230 seats.

Why did Hindenburg initially refuse to appoint Hitler?

Distrusted Hitler, considered him unsuitable for the chancellorship.

What role did Franz von Papen play in Hitler's appointment?

Persuaded Hindenburg to appoint Hitler, believing conservative politicians could control him.

When did Hitler become Chancellor?

30 January 1933, appointed by President Hindenburg.