1117 Wk 11 Set 2 & 1111

Preferred sample types in order

Serum

Plasma

Whole blood

What type of sample is preferred for most blood chemistry assays?

Serum

Chemical measurements should be completed within _____ after blood collection

1 hr

What term refers to the fluid portion of the blood that contains fibrinogen but no cells?

Plasma

If the sample cannot be centrifuged within 1 hrs, ________

refrigerate

If testing will be delayed, _____

Freeze sample

_____ (composed of approx 90% water and 10% dissolved conntituents) is the fluid portion of whole blood in which the cells are suspended.

Plasma

If heparinized plasma has been stored overnight after separation or has been frozen, _____

the sample should be centrifuged again to remove any fibrin strands

_____ is plasma from which fibrogen (a plasma protein) has been removed

Serum

During the clotting process, the soluble fibrinogen in _____ is converted to an insoluble fibrin clot matrix

Plasma

When blood clots, the fluid that is squeezed out around the cellular clot is _____

Serum

SSTs should be mixed by _____

inverting several times → allowed to clot for 30 mins → centrifuged

What can cause light scattering when a sample is analyzed?

Lipemia

What type of photometer uses a filter to select the wavelength?

Colorimeter

What type of assay requires a standard to be analyzed concurrently and in the

same manner as the patient sample?

Reflectometer

Most photometric analysis procedures are _____, meaning the reaction that occurs between the sample and the reagent reaches a stable end

End point assays

End point assays use _____

A standard

Standard

nonbiologic solution of the analyte, usually in distilled water, with a known concentration

What is the most common disease of adult dogs and cats?

 

Periodontitis

What structures make up the periodontium?

Periodontal ligament

Gingival connective tissue

Alveolar bone forming the tooth socket

Cemented covering the surface of the root

Sickle scalers are used to scale _____

(Dentistry)

The crowns of the teeth

What dental tool is designed to be used subgingivally?

Curettes

What is the ideal scaling angle?

(Dentistry)

60 and 70 degrees

Supragingival instruments will cause _____ if used subgingivally

Lacerations

Approx _____ of the cutting edge of the tip should remain in contact with the tooth

1/3

Adaptation (of hand Scaling instruments)

Involves the application of the cutting edge against the tooth

Angulation

The relationship of the face of the instruments to the tooth

3 basic uses of local anesthesia

Splash block

Local anesthesia

Regional anesthesia

Local anesthesia

Infiltration of local anesthetic along planned incision lines or into the periodontal ligament of a too

Splash block

Wound irrigation directly into an open incision, providing topical anesthesia

Regional anesthesia

The delivery of a local anesthetic to specific nerves to block an entire region of blocks for oral surgery

Most commonly used local anesthetic bc of its long duration of action, providing intraoperative and postoperative pain relief

Bupivacaine 0.5%

Bupivacaine takes effect in ______ minutes and lasts from _____ hours

6 to 10 minutes

4 to 8 hours

Lidocaine 2% takes effect in _____ minutes and lasts _____

2 to 5 minutes

30 mins to 2 hours

The maximum safe dose of bupivacaine

2.0 mg/kg in dogs

1.0 mg/kg in cats

mL of 0.5% bupivacaine for any of the regional blocks in cats

0.1 to 0.2 mL

mL of 0.5% bupivacaine for any of the regional blocks in dogs

.02 to 0.8 mL

Grade I periodontal disease

Inflammatory changes confined to the gingiva (gingivitis); this is an easily reversible sign that suggests the need for a routine dental cleaning and increased home care regimens

Grade II periodontal disease

Early form of periodontitis in which evidence of loss of attachment is noted, and root debridement or aubgingival curettage may be required

Grade III periodontal disease

Moderate periodontitis in which 25% to 50% of the attachment structures of the tooth have been lost; root debridement, gingival curettage, and periodontal surgery are often required

Grade IV periodontal disease

Severe periodontitis with attachment loss of 50% or greater, these teeth often require extraction