Cellular Processes, Energy, and Fitness Schedule Review

Vocabulary flashcards covering cellular energy, photosynthesis, respiration, biological molecules, and studio class details.

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

Cellular energy molecule that requires energy to form and releases energy when decomposed.

Light Reactions

Photosynthesis stage taking place in thylakoids where light energy creates high-energy electrons ($e^-$) in chlorophyll to convert $ADP + P \rightarrow ATP$, split $H_2O$ to release $O_2$, and transfer $H$ to $NADP$ to produce $NADPH$.

Thylakoids

Structures in the chloroplast where light reactions take place.

Stroma

Fluid region inside chloroplasts into which $ATP$ and $NADPH$ move and where the Calvin Cycle takes place.

Calvin Cycle

Phase of photosynthesis (carbon fixation) occurring in the stroma where $CO_2$ combines with $H$ from $NADPH$ using energy from $ATP$ to make glucose, returning $ADP + P$ and $NADP$ back to the thylakoid.

Glucose (Photosynthesis)

Product of photosynthesis that is either used immediately for energy or stored as starch.

Respiration

The cellular process by which cells make $ATP$ from glucose.

Anaerobic Respiration

Form of respiration requiring no $O_2$ (also known as fermentation) carried out by small, unicellular organisms to meet small energy needs, yielding $2\,\text{ATP/glucose}$.

Aerobic Respiration

Respiration requiring $O_2$, performed by large, multicellular organisms to meet large energy needs, yielding up to $38\,\text{ATP/glucose}$.

Glycolysis

First phase of cellular respiration occurring in the cytoplasm, where glucose is converted to pyruvic acid with the production of $2\,\text{ATP}$, after which pyruvic acid enters the mitochondria.

Citric Acid (Krebs) Cycle

Aerobic respiration phase occurring in mitochondria requiring $O_2$, where pyruvic acid becomes acetic acid to enter reactions generating high-energy electrons that produce up to $36\,\text{ATP}$ during electron transport, yielding $H_2O$ and waste $CO_2$.

Carbohydrates

Biological molecules whose major job in living things is energy; they cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained from food.

Amino Acids

The monomer building blocks from which all proteins are built.

Proteins

Biological molecules constructed from amino acids that perform structural roles, function as enzymes, and provide energy.

Lipids

Nonpolar biological molecules that do not dissolve in water, functioning mainly in energy storage, insulation, cushioning, and cell membranes.

Pilates Essentials #1

Class scheduled on Monday, Oct 12 from 10:30 AM - 11:15 AM CST with Meagan van Eeden at Inner You Fitness Studio in Yorkton, SK.

Child Friendly Pilates Essentials

Fitness offering consisting of 6 sessions on Tues/Fri at 12:00pm priced at $C\$135.00$ that expires after 99999 days.