mammology practical 2

Clade Xenarthra

Order Pilosa

Suborder Vermilingua

Family Cyclopedidae

• No teeth!

• Skull elongate

• Rostrum very long and curves downwards

• Incomplete zygomatic arch

• Premaxilla is very small

• Small jugal

Clade: Euarchonta

Clade Suandatheria

Order Dermoptera

Family Cynocephalide

• Pecinate teeth (tooth combs)

  • Used to groom fur

• Patagium: membrane between forelimbs and hindlimbs to fly/glide

• Broad flattened cranium

• Well developed post-orbital process

• Prominent temporal ridge

• Upper incisors of left and right sides separated by diastema

⅔, 1/1, 2/2, 3/3, =34

Clade Xenarthra

Order Pilosa

Suborder Vermilingua

Family Myremecophagidae

• No teeth!

• Skull elongate

• Rostrum very long and curves downwards

• Incomplete zygomatic arch

• Premaxilla is very small

• Small jugal

Clade: Xenarthra

Order: Pilosa

Suborder: Folivora

Family: Bradypodidae

• Tail is very small

• Skull block with blunt snout

• Forelimbs longer than hindlimbs

• Incomplete zygomatic arch

• Small premaxilla

• Homodont cheek teeth

• Shaggy fur, shorter and more feathery than Choloepodidae

• 3 toes with claws on forefeet

• 1st pair of cheek teeth not caniniform

• Angular process enlarged, projecting posteroventrally

Clade: Xenarthra

Order: Pilosa

Suborder: Folivora

Family: Choloepodidae

• Tail is very small

• Skull block with blunt snout

• Forelimbs longer than hindlimbs

• Incomplete zygomatic arch

• Small premaxilla

• Homodont cheek teeth

• Long shaggy fur

• 2 toes with claws on forefeet

• 1st pair of cheek teeth are caniniform

• Angular process small and directed posteriorly

Clade: Xenarthra

Order: Cingulata

Family: Chlamyphoridae

• Body covered with keratin scutes overlying bony plates

• Skull elongated: rostrum flattened and elongate

• Complete zygomatic arch

• Cheek teeth homodont, subcylindrical, molars and premolars are indistinguishables

• slightly stouter rostrum and shorter diastema (teeth go closer to end)

Clade: Xenarthra

Order: Cingulata

Family: Chlamyphoridae

• Body covered with keratin scutes overlying bony plates

• Skull elongated: rostrum flattened and elongate

• Complete zygomatic arch

• Cheek teeth homodont, subcylindrical, molars and premolars are indistinguishables

• slightly stouter rostrum and shorter diastema (teeth go closer to end)

Clade: Xenarthra

Order: Cingulata

Family: Chlamyphoridae

• Body covered with keratin scutes overlying bony plates

• Skull elongated: rostrum flattened and elongate

• Complete zygomatic arch

• Cheek teeth homodont, subcylindrical, molars and premolars are indistinguishables

• slightly stouter rostrum and shorter diastema (teeth go closer to end)

Clade: Xenarthra

Order: Cingulata

Family: Dasypodidae

Species: Dasypus mexicanus

• Body covered with keratin scutes overlying bony plates

• Skull elongated: rostrum flattened and elongate

• Complete zygomatic arch

• Cheek teeth homodont, subcylindrical, molars and premolars are indistinguishables

Boreoeutheria

Order: Pholidota

Family: manidae

pangolin

• No teeth (Edentulous)

• Skull conical, lacking crests and ridges

• Large nasal

• No jugal or interparietal bone

Clade: Eurchonta

Order: Primates

Suborder: Haplorrhini

parvorder: Catarrhini

Family: Cercopithecoidea

• Ischial callosities present

• Auditory bulla extending laterally as a bony tube

• Long rostrum

• 2/2, 1/1, 2/2, 3/3 =32

Clade: Eurchonta

Order: Primates

Suborder: Haplorrhini

parvorder: Catarrhini

Family: Cercopithecoidea

Includes species: Macaca mulatta

• Ischial callosities present

• Auditory bulla extending laterally as a bony tube

• Long rostrum

• 2/2, 1/1, 2/2, 3/3 =32

Clade: Eurchonta

Order: Primates

Suborder: Haplorrhini

parvorder: Catarrhini

Family: Hylobatidae

• Lack sexual dimorphism in great apes

• No tail

• Brachiation (locomotion of swinging, using typically only forelimbs)

• Skull with large orbits with protruding rims

• Wide interorbital distance

• No sagittal crest

• Auditory bulla extends laterally as bony tube

2/2, 1/1, 2/2, 3/3 =32

Clade: Eurchonta

Order: Primates

Suborder: Haplorrhini

Parvorder: Catarrhini

Family: Hominidae

• Large braincase

• Sagittal crest often prominent

• Auditory bulla extends laterally as tube

• Well developed canines except in humans

• 2/2, 1/1, 2/2, 3/3 =32

  
  

Clade: Eurchonta

Order: Primates

Suborder: Haplorrhini

Parvorder: Catarrhini

Family: Hominidae

Species: homo sapien

• Large braincase

• Sagittal crest often prominent

• Auditory bulla extends laterally as tube

• Well developed canines except in humans

• 2/2, 1/1, 2/2, 3/3 =32

Clade: Eurchonta

Order: Primates

Suborder: Haplorrhini

Parvorder: Platyrrhini

Family: Pitheciidae

• HUGE mandible as well but round

• Long skulls

• Canines short

• Prognathus snout (short af)

• Nasal bones enlarged

2/2, 1/1, 3/3, 3/3, =36

Clade: Eurchonta

Order: Primates

Suborder: Haplorrhini

Parvorder: Platyrrhini

Family: Cebidae

• Smallest of simian monkeys

• Orbits very large

• Molar tritubercular

• Only two molars above and below

• Large premolars and quadrate molars; occlusal surface with low cusps or sharp cusps

2/2, 1/1, 3/3, 2-3/2-3, =32-36

Clade: Eurchonta

Order: Primates

Suborder: Haplorrhini

Parvorder: Platyrrhini

Family: Cebidae

• Smallest of simian monkeys

• Orbits very large

• Molar tritubercular

• Only two molars above and below

• Large premolars and quadrate molars; occlusal surface with low cusps or sharp cusps

2/2, 1/1, 3/3, 2-3/2-3, =32-36

Clade: Eurchonta

Order: Primates

Suborder: Haplorrhini

Parvorder: Platyrrhini

Family: Atelidae

• Arboreal

  • Prehensile tails

  • Brachiation

• HUGE ASS HYROID BONES

• Skull with small braincase

• Molars with labial shearing crests

• Mandible large and deep

• Molar bunodont and brachydont

2/2, 1/1, 3/3, 3/3, =36

Clade: Eurchonta

Order: primates

Suborder: strepsirrhini

Family: Galagidae

• Sub-saharan africa

• Ectotympanic ring fused to pretrosal part of bulla

• Upper molars quadritubercular with enlarged hypocone separated from trigon on distinct shelf

• 2nd digit on forefoot reduced

• Skull with long rostrum

• Braincaise globular without strong temporal ridge

• Postorbital bar not very broad

2/2, 1/1, 3/3, 3/3, =36

Clade: Eurchonta

Order: primates

Suborder: strepsirrhini

Family: Lemuridae

• Post-orbital bar

• Long rostrum

• Tooth comb

• Bulla overgrows tympanic ring

• Uppers molars with 3 primary cusps but secondary lingual cusplets providing generalized quadrate shape

• Rounded braincase

• Enlarged upper incisors, unequal size, median diastema separates

2/2, 1/0, 2/2, 3/3, =30

Clade: Eurchonta

Clade: Suandatheria

Order: Scandentia

Family: Tupaiidae

• Auditory bulla NOT enlarged

• No palatal perforations

• Post orbital process large, contacting zygomatic arch to form complete post orbital bar

• Zygomatic arch perforate

• Molars with 3 principle cusps, 4th cusp is very small

• Occlusal surface of upper molars with weakly developed W-shaped ectoloph

⅔, 1/1, 3/3, 3/3, =38

Clade: Eurchonta

order: Primates

Surborder: haplorrhini

Family: tarsiidae

• Enlarged medial incisors

• Bigger eyes than brain

• Elongated tarsals

• Short af rostrum

• Prominent refugees around MASSIVE orbits

• Upper and lower incisors well developed and unequal in size

• Molar tritubercular

• Really sharp teeth tbh

2/1, 1/1, 3/3, 3/3, =34

Clade: Eurchonta

order: Primates

Surborder: haplorrhini

Family: Lorisidae

• Ectotympanic ring fused to pretrosal part of bulla

• Upper molars quadritubercular with enlarged hypocone separated from trigon on distinct shelf

• 2nd digit on forefoot reduced

• Rostrum short

• Braincase rounded with well defined temporal ridges

• Postorbital bar very broad

• External auditory meatus contacts zygomatic part of squamosal

2/2, 1/1, 3/3, 3/3, =36

Strepsirrhini vs Suborder Haplorrhini

• Haplorhini: 

  • Short rostrum

  • Plate separating orbits from temporal lobe

  • simple nostrils, philtrum pretty much absent: nasolacrimal duct short and oriented vertically

  • Braincase relatively large and rounded

  • Eyes face forward

  • Foramen magnum directed ventrally

• Strepsirhini

  • Relatively long rostrum

  • Post-orbital bar

  • Temporal fossa

  • No plate-postorbital bar

  • Tooth comb present

  • slit like nostrils directed laterally

Platyrrhini vs catarrhini (parvorders)

• Platyrrhini: new world monkeys

  • 3 premolars above and below

  • Nostrils directed laterally

  • Prehensile tail

• Catarrhini

  • 2 premolars above and below

  • Nostrils close together and directed forward and downward, not laterally

  • No prehensile tail