CCA Crop Management

Which of the following is not considered when comparing a crop rotation with a monoculture?

a. sociological consequences

b. IPM

c. labor and equipment needs

d. yields

a. sociological consequences

Which of the following is an advantage of a crop rotation over a monoculture?

a. higher level of management required

b. timing fertilizer and pesticide application easier

c. less equipment needs

d. risk spread across more than one commodity

d. risk spread across more than one commodity

Which of the following is a limitation of crop rotation over a monoculture?

a. more equipment needed

b. lower level of management required

c. yield of all crops in the rotation increase

d. irrigation usually needed

a. more equipment needed

____________ increases available N, reduces erosion and increases infiltration.

a. cover crops

b. fallow

c. nurse crops

d. companion crops

a. cover crops

A double cropping system is where two crop are grown in the same field over _______________ months.

a. 36

b. 24

c. 18

d. 12

d. 12

___________ is not a limitation of cover and companion crops.

a. increased soil erosion

b. reduced yields

c. soil water depletion

d. increased cost

a. increased soil erosion

Fields are fallowed to conserve _____________.

a. energy

b. nutrients

c. water

d. pesticides

c. water

Pesticide carryover is important in ______________ crops.

a. rotational

b. cover

c. companion

d. adjacent

a. rotational

__________ is when a plant produces a chemical toxin that impairs the growth of different plant.

a. allelopathy

b. antibiosis

c. autotoxicity

d. symbiosis

a. allelopathy

In clean till systems, tillage can spread__________.

a. insects

b. disease

c. weeds

d. both b and c

d. both b and c

Starter Fertilizer is commonly recommended for___.

a. pastures

b. no-till

c. clean-till

d. all crops

b. no-till

The soil test values in the top 2 inches of the soil are _____ soil test values bellow 2 inches in no-till situation.

a. equal too

b. larger than

c. smaller than

d. less important than

b. larger than

Which of the following must be sufficiently high to justify conversion of non-cropland to cropland

a. nutrient availability

b. pest populations

c. crop yield potential

d. erosion potential

c. crop yield potential

Offspring of two plants which differ genetically are ________.

a. clones

b. hybrids

c. sisters

d. parent

b. hybrids

Pollination is _________ in an an open-pollinated variety.

a. artificial

b. controlled

c. negligible

d. natural

d. natural

Which of the following is usually most important when selecting a variety for planting?

a. insect resistance

b. yield potential

c. lodging rating

d. irrigation needs

b. yield potential

Transgenic crops contain___________.

a. genes from another organisms

b. altered genes from the same species

c. untransformed genes

d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Which of the following is a characteristic of a well designed field trial?

a. unreplicated strips

b. replicated strips

c. higher than normal fertilizer rates

d. irrigation of typically dry cropland

b. replicated strips

GMO's include _____________.

a. transgenic crops

b. mutated crops by radiation

c. natural mutation

d. all of the above

d. all of the above

If the yields of varieties A, B, and C are 45, 50, and 44 bu per acre, respectively, and the LSD is 5 which of the following is true? (Least significant Differences )

a. there are no significant differences in yield

b. the yield of variety B is significantly higher than variety C

c. the yield of variety B is significantly higher than varieties A and C

d. the yield of variety A is significantly higher than variety C

C. the yield of variety B is significantly higher than varieties A and C

Which of the following is not usually found on a seed information tag?

a. seed size

b. pure seed percentage

c. other crop seed percentage

d. germination percentage

a. seed size

Seed quality is usually highest for seed stored under _______________.

a. low temp and humidity

b. low temp and light

c. low temp and oxygen

d. low temp and nitrogen

a. low temp and humidity

Which of the following is a limitation of seed treatment.

a. more seedling disease

b. less symbiotic N fixation

c. cost

d. higher germination percentage

c. cost

Storage in a _____ likely decreases bacterial inoculum viability the most.

a. pesticide shed

b. refrigerator

c. cool, dry building

d. dealer show room

a. pesticide shed

Which of the following germ tests is best to evaluate germination under optimum conditions?

a. wet towel

b. dry towel

c. warm

d. cold

c. warm

If pure live seed content is 90% and germination is 90% what is the % PLS

a. 90 %

b. 99%

c. 100%

d.81%

d.81%

0.9 * 0.9

If % pure live seed is 80% and the recommended seeding rate is 80lbs per acre, what adjusted seeding rate should be used?

a. 100lbs per acre

b. 64 lbs per acre

c. 80 lbs per acre

d. 88 lbs per acre

a. 100lbs per acre

A benefit of using certified seed is _____.

a. increase weed pressure

b. stable, high yields

c. no irrigation need

d. reduced fertilizer needs

b. stable, high yields

Which of the following would most likely decrease germination percentage?

a. soil temp of 65 F

b. oxygen concentration of 18%

c. dry soil

d. surface structure granular

c. dry soil

Which of the following factors is NOT used in deterining depth of planting?

a. soil texture with depth

b. soil moisture with depth

c. soil temp with depth

d. soil aeration with depth

a. . soil texture with depth

Which of the following factors is usually most important in determining when to plant?

a. seeding rate

b. soil moisture

c. soil aeration

d. soil ph.

b. soil moisture

Which of the following is most likely the result of seeding a summer crop too early?

a. reduced germination

b. higher yield

c. less seedling disease

d. more lodging

a. reduced germination

Which of the following would potentially lead to a reduced seedling rate?

a. adverse weather

b. no-till

c. optimum soil moisture

d. increased seed size

c. optimum soil moisture

If you count 10 plants in 5 sq ft of a field at several points in that field,, what is the approximate plant population?

a. 45,000 plants per acre

b. 85000 plants per acre

c. 125000 plants per acre

d. 145000 plants per acre

b. 85000 plants per acre

Seeding rate is __ plant population.

a. always less than

b. always greater than

c. equal too

d. less than or equal too

b. always greater than

Advantages of starter fertilizer include _____.

a. less weed infestation

b. lower irrigation cost

c. less erosion

d. more vigorous stand

d. more vigorous stand

The crop growth stage where roots, stems and eaves develop is _________.

a. veg

b. flowing

c. germination

d. maturation

a. veg

Growing degree days are not useful in determining when to _____

a. top dress nitrogen

b. harvest

c. initiate tillage

d. apply pesticides

c. initiate tillage

If the bas temperature is 60 F, the daily temp is 80 F and the max is 95 F how many heat units have accumulated?

a. 20

b. 60

c. 80

d. 0

a. 20

In many crops night length is important in triggering __________.

a. germination

b. flowering

c. photosynthesis

d. vernalization

b. flowering

The growing point of a grass is _.

a. leaf tip

b. root tip

c. flower

d. intercalary meristem

d. intercalary meristem

The optimum temperature for crop growth and development _____ with crop growth stage.

a. increase

b. decreases

c. changes

d. does not change

c. changes

Water needs of a crop typically increase during the season to maximum, followed by ____________.

a. a second increase at harvest

b. a level period until harvest

c. a decline to harvest

d. rainfall

c. a decline to harvest

Which of the following accelerates canopy closure ?

a. wide rows

b. narrow rows

c. upright plant growth

d. lower plant population

b. narrow rows

A plant that lives 10 years is a __________

a. summer annual

b. winter annual

c. biennial

d. perennial

D. perennial

Crop root growth can be affected by ____________.

a. diseases

b. insects

c. acid soils

d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Which root system concentrates nutrient uptake in surface soil?

a. membranous

b. filamentous

c. tab

d. fibrous

d. fibrous

A crop should be replanted when stand is lost due to some stress, when _______________.

a. it is economically justified

b. when the field looks bad

c. when your neighbor replants

d. when you have no crop insurance

a. it is economically justified

Which of the following may eliminate the possibility of replanting?

a. late first planting

b. good weather

c. good seed supply

d. seed fertility

a. late first planting

When diagnosing a crop production problem in the field, you should ____.

a. consider diseases then fertility problems

b. consider herbicide damage first

c. compare damaged areas with normal areas

d. wait until problem has existed

c. compare damaged areas with normal areas

Which of the following is probably not helpful in diagnosing a crop problem in the field?

a. cropping history

b. pesticide history

c. seeding depth

d. days of sunlight

d. days of sunlight

Which of the following data are most precise?

a. 20, 30, 40

b. 4, 5, 6

c. 7, 10, 14

d. 15, 35, 50

b. 4, 5, 6

______ is used to locate a poistion in a field.

a. GIS

b. GPS

c. GUS

d. UPS

b. GPS

___ is used to apply fertilizers, pesticides and seeds at different rates across a field.

a. GPS

b. UPS

c. VRT

d. CRT

c. VRT (variable-rate input application technology)

___________ is an area that is managed similarly for a given crop input.

a. CMZ

b. UPS

c. VRT

d. CRT

a. CMZ

Sandy soils have greater ________ than clay loam soils which can affect yield

a. drought potential.

b. water holding capacity

c. available water

d. surface area

a. drought potential.

geographical coordinates combine _________ and _________.

a. latitude and longitude

Yield maps ____from year to year for the same crop.

a. vary

b. remain constant

c. superimpose

d. increase

a. vary

Yield monitors are ___________________.

a. independent of combine speed

b. used to estimate crop yields prior to harvest

c. always compatible with mapping software

d. used to estimate yield variation within a field

d. used to estimate yield variation within a field

Harvest date is affected by _________.

a. hybrid or variety

b. excess soil P

c. neutral soil pH

d. seed quality

a. hybrid or variety

Which of the following harvest conditions most likely reduce seed quality

a. low relative humidity

b. rain-dry cycles

c. high sunshine

d. light wind

b. rain-dry cycles

Identify-preserved crops are ___________.

a. used in strip cropping with cross pollinated varieties of the same crop

b. stored in the same bin as other varieties of the same crop

c. harvested before cleaning the combine

d. kept separate from other varieties of the same crop

d. kept separate from other varieties of the same crop

Which of the following factors is most important in maintaining crop quality during storage?

a. moisture at harvest

b. use of fungicides

c. air tight bin

d. presence of beneficial insects

a. moisture at harvest

Which of the following will likely damage grain kernals?

a. improper thresher speed

b. slow combine operation

c. excessive weed seed

d. high fan speed

a. improper thresher speed

Crop mix on a farm is used to reduce

a. income

b. liability

c. risk

d. profit

c. risk

If the value of a crop is $3.bu and a production practice costs $11.50/acre, which of the following yield increases would make the production practice profitable?

a. 1 bu/acre

b. 2 bu/acre

c. 3 bu/acre

d. 4 bu/acre

d. 4 bu/acre

_____ is a commodity crop

a. walnuts

b. wheat

c. flowers

d. figs

b. wheat

Most common commodity crops in US are (corn, soybeans, and wheat)

If the current local cash price of a crop is $12/bushel and the future price a specific date is $9/bushel, the basis is ___

a. $3/bushel

b. -$3/bushel

c. 3/4

d. $21/bushel

a. $3/bushel