Class IX IT (402) - ICT Skills - I Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering fundamental concepts, hardware, software, memory types, networking, and web technologies from Class IX Information Technology ICT Skills - I.

ICT (Information and Communication Technology)

The use of computers, smartphones, the Internet, communication networks, and other digital technologies to collect, store, process, retrieve, and exchange information.

G2C Services

Government to Citizen services; the use of ICT to provide government information and services directly to citizens.

Right to Information (RTI)

A mechanism that allows citizens to seek information from public authorities.

E-Commerce

The buying and selling of goods and services through electronic networks, especially the Internet.

Information Processing

The conversion of raw data into meaningful information by a computer.

Hardware

The physical components of a computer system that can be seen and touched and require software to perform useful tasks.

Software

Programs or instructions that cannot be physically touched and require hardware to run.

IPO Cycle

Input-Process-Output cycle; the basic working cycle of a computer where raw data is entered (Input), processed according to instructions (Process), and presented as results (Output).

Input Devices

Hardware devices used to enter data and instructions into a computer by converting user-supplied information into a form the computer can process.

Light Pen

A pointing input device used to select objects on the screen or draw directly on the screen, common in engineering and architectural design.

Smart Card Reader

A device used to read information stored on a smart card that contains a microprocessor.

QR Code Reader

A device used to scan Quick Response codes to access encoded information such as websites, payment details, or messages.

MICR

Magnetic Ink Character Recognition; an input technology used mainly in banking to read characters printed with magnetically charged ink on cheques.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The main processing and control unit, commonly called the 'brain of the computer', that executes instructions, performs calculations, and coordinates system components.

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

The component of the CPU that performs arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) as well as logical and comparison operations.

Control Unit (CU)

The component of the CPU that directs and coordinates the flow of information inside the computer and sends control signals.

Memory Unit (MU)

The component of the CPU that stores programs, data, and instructions required during active processing.

Output Devices

Hardware devices that present processed information to the user in a human-readable form.

Pixel

Short for Picture Element; the smallest display unit of a digital image.

Screen Resolution

The total number of pixels used to display an image on a screen.

Plotter

An output device used to produce large, high-quality vector drawings such as architectural plans, maps, engineering designs, and CAD graphics.

Peripheral Devices

Devices connected to a computer system to provide additional input, output, or functionality (excluding the CPU).

Primary Memory

Main memory directly accessible by the CPU, consisting of RAM and ROM.

RAM (Random Access Memory)

Temporary, volatile working memory directly accessible by the CPU where currently running programs and data are loaded.

ROM (Read Only Memory)

Permanent, non-volatile primary memory that retains its contents when power is turned off and contains essential startup instructions.

Secondary Memory

Also known as auxiliary storage; memory used for long-term data retention that retains information even when the computer is switched off.

Booting

The process of starting a computer and loading the operating system into working memory so the computer is ready for use.

BIOS

Basic Input/Output System; contains startup instructions that help initialise the computer and begin the boot process.

Sleep Mode

A low-power state for a computer that preserves the current user session for quick resumption of work.

Operating System (OS)

System software that acts as an interface between the user and computer hardware, managing system resources and enabling application execution.

Internet

A global network infrastructure of interconnected computers and devices that communicate with one another to provide access to services.

World Wide Web (WWW)

A service operating over the Internet that consists of a collection of interconnected webpages and digital resources.

Web Browser

Software (also called a web client) used to access, retrieve, and display webpages on the World Wide Web.

Website

A collection of related webpages and digital resources hosted on web servers, usually accessible starting from a main home page.

Web Page

An individual electronic document available on the Web that contains text, images, graphics, videos, and hyperlinks.

HTML

HyperText Markup Language; standard language used to create and structure webpages.

HTTP

HyperText Transfer Protocol; a network protocol used for transferring web resources between web clients and servers.

URL

Uniform Resource Locator; the web address used to locate a specific resource on the Web.

Email

Electronic Mail; an electronic method of sending and receiving messages and attachments over a computer network or the Internet.

Cc (Carbon Copy)

An email feature used to send copies of a message to additional recipients whose email addresses remain visible to everyone receiving the email.

Bcc (Blind Carbon Copy)

An email feature used to send copies of a message to additional recipients while concealing their email addresses from other recipients.

Blog

Short for weblog; an online journal or informational website where posts are typically displayed in reverse chronological order.