Science Chapter 9- Minerals and Ores

Ore

Rock that is a useful source of iron (Fe)

Compound Mineral

quartz, calcite (CaCO_3)

Native Mineral

platinum (Pt), Diamond (C)

Mineral Mixture

Rock that contains both the minerals malachite and azurite

Streak

The color of a mineral’s powder

Luster

The way that a mineral reflects light from its surface

Cleave

The way that a mineral breaks into sheets

Fracture

The way that it breaks into uneven surfaces

Hardness

The Mohs scale is a measure of a mineral’s this.

Specific Gravity

The ratio of a mineral’s density to water’s density

Flame Test

The test you would do to see whether a mineral has sodium, potassium or calsium in it.

Acid Test

The test you would use to see whether a mineral has carbonate, sulfide, or sulfite in it.

Mineralogists usually have to do more than one test on a mineral to determine its identity.

True

All minerals have crystalline structures.

True

Native Metals

excellent conductors of heat and electricity

Native nonmetals

include diamond and sulfur

Silicates

Make up 90% of the earth’s crust

Oxides

Family in which most metal ores are found

Sulfides

Made of one or more metal elements plus sulfur; have color streaks

Halides

Mineral salt compounds

Ores

where most metals are found after native mineral sources are used up

Characteristics of a mineral.

-crystalline solid

-inorganic

-naturally occurring

-definite chemical composition

Mineralogist

a geologist who studies and identifies mineral samples

One mineral sample appear lighter than the other because…

It is less dense

Density

The ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume

Chemical formula for Silicates

SiO_4

Chemical formula for Carbonates

Co_3 + metal

Chemical formula for Oxides

Oxygen + Metal

Chemical formula for Sulfides

Sulfur + Metal

Chemical formula for Halides

Halogen (F, Cl, Br, I) + metal

The hardest mineral on the Mohs hardness scale.

Diamond

The softest mineral on the Mohs hardness scale.

Talc

Mining is one way we exercise dominion over God’s creation. How can we do this well in light of the Creation Mandate?

be careful to maximize benefits wile minimizing risks

Properties of copper that make it useful.

-conducts heat and electricity

-Corrosion-proof: forms tough outer layer when it tarnishes