Kinesiology Test 2 Study Guide (Foot/Ankle)

Medial Longitudinal Arch

extends from calcaneus bone to talus, navicular, 3 cuneiform and proximal ends of 3 medial metatarsals. Used for deceleration. All arches used for shock absorption and weight bearing.

Lateral Longitudinal Arch

extends from calcaneus to cuboid and proximal ends of 4th and 5th metatarsals. Provides balance. All arches used for shock absorption and weight bearing.

Transverse arch

Extends across foot from 1st metatarsal to the 5th metatarsal. Adapts to changes in terrain. All arches used for shock absorption and weight bearing.

Lateral Ankle Ligaments (outer ankle)

- Anterior Talofibular Ligament

- Posterior Talofibular Ligament

- Calcaneofibular Ligament

Medial Ankle Ligament (inner ankle)

- Deltoid Ligament

Syndesmotic Ankle Ligaments (high ankle)

- Anterior-Inferior Tibiofibular Ligament

- Posterior-Inferior Tibiofibular Ligament

- Transverse Tibiofibular Ligament

- Interosseous Ligament

High Ankle Sprain

High Ankle Sprain: External rotation injury involving syndesmotic ligaments.

Low Ankle Sprain

Low Ankle Sprain: Inversion injury involving lateral ligaments.

pronation of the foot

supination of the foot

fore foot, mobile or stable?

stable

ankle, stable or mobile?

mobile

Lumbaricals

Flexes the toes at the metatarsophalangeal joint. Extends toes at the interphalangeal joint. This action prevents the toes from hyperextension during push-off phase of Gait and stops the toes from crawling under the pull of the long flexor tendons.

Abductor Hallicus

Abducts and flexes the great toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint, while heavily supporting and elevating the medial longitudinal arch of the foot.

Plantar Fascia

A band of connective tissue that runs from your forefoot to your level

Flexor hallucis longus

It starts on the lower two-thirds of the back of the fibula and the adjacent interosseous membrane. It attaches to the base of the distal phalanx of the big toe. It bends the big toe, helps with push-off, and assists ankle plantarflexion.

Ankle dorsiflexion

35° of forward shin tilt from vertical, measured with the heel flat as the knee moves toward the wall.