IS 300 CSULB Exam 1

Hardware

consists of devices such as the processor, monitor, keyboard, and printer. Together, these devices accept, process, and display data and information.

Software

is a program or collection of programs that enable the hardware to process data.

A database

is a collection of related files or tables containing data.

A network

is a connecting system (wireline or wireless) that permits different computers to share resources.

Procedures

are the instructions for combining the above components to process information and generate the desired output.

People

are those individuals who use the hardware and software, interface with it, or utilize its output.

Bell's law

a new computer class forms roughly each decade establishing a new industry."

Moore's law

Meaning: the number of transistors per inch on an integrated chip doubles every 18 months.

The advances predicted from Moore's law arise mainly from the following changes:

Producing increasingly miniaturized transistors.

Data

refers to an elementary description of things, events, activities, and transactions that are recorded, classified, and stored but are not organized to convey any specific meaning. Data items can be numbers, letters, figures, sounds, and images

Information

refers to data that have been organized so that they have meaning and value to the recipient

Knowledge

consists of data and/or information that have been organized and processed to convey understanding, experience, accumulated learning, and expertise as they apply to a current business problem.

IT Infrastructure

IT components + IT services

Computer hardware

Technology for computer processing, data storage, input, and output.

Computer software

Includes both system software and application software.; system software manages the resources and activities of the computer; application software applies the computer to a specific task for an end user

Data management technology

Specialized software for storing and organizing data.

Networking/Telecommunications technology

Provides data, voice, and video connectivity to employees, customers, and suppliers

Technology services

People are needed to maintain and manage infrastructure components; legacy systems are older transaction processing systems created for older computers that continue to be used to avoid the high cost of replacing them

Emergence of cognitive computing

IBM has labeled the type of processing demonstrated by Watson as cognitive computing.

Four main capabilities distinguish Watson as a cognitive system:

The ability to understand human language, with all its nuance and ambiguity. The ability to learn and absorb information. The ability to formulate hypotheses. The ability to understand the context of a question.

Zulily.com, an online B2C (Business to Consumer) clothing business, uses data about buying preferences and customer profiles to do all of the following except

B. offer lower prices.

Process Decomposition

shows pure process, no data or who is responsible for the process. Shows high level process, broken down into more detail

Swim lanes are a visual mechanism of organising and categorising activities, based on cross functional flowcharting, and in BPMN consist of two types:

Pool - Can have many lanes and be opened, to see everything or it can be hidden with details. Lanes Organizing the events and rules of things depending on its function.

Microsoft hololens

Augmented collaboration

Industry Structure:

Understanding the industry and to look at if the business is possible by looking at barriers of entry and bargaining power from Suppliers and consumers and rivalry

Competitive Strategy

a statement that identifies a business's approach to compete, its goals, and the plans and policies that will be required to carry out those goals

Value Chain

a sequence of activities through which the organization's inputs are transformed into valuable outputs

Business Process

an ongoing collection of related activities that create a product or service of value to the organization, its business partners and/or its customers

Business Process Comprised of three elements

Inputs: materials, services, and information that flow through and are transformed as a result of process activities, Resources: people and equipment that perform process activities, Outputs: the product or a service created by the process

IS's vital roles in three area of the business processes:

Executing the process, Capturing and storing process data, Monitoring processing data

Competitive Advantage

refers to any assets that provide an organization with an edge against its competitors in some measure such as cost, quality, or speed. A competitive advantage helps an organization control a market and accrue larger-than-average profits.

Porter's Model

1. Competition in the industry 2. Potential of new entrants into the industry 3. Power of suppliers 4. Power of customers 5. Threat of substitute products.

Support Activities

support primary activities contributing to competitive advantage, Firm's Infrastructure (accounting, finance, management), Human Resource Management, Product and Technology Development (R&D), Procurement

(BPR) business process of reengineering

a strategy for making an organization's business more productive and profitable.

(BPI) Process improvement:

the result is less radical, less disruptive, and a more incremental approach.

ERD

A product is made by ONE vendor and it is a mandatory relation. A Vendor supplies MANY products but it is optional.

Bit

SMALLEST 1,0,1,1,0.

Bytes

A group of eight bits that represents a single character

Field

A characteristic of interest that describes an entity.

records: A grouping of logically related fields. Tables or file: A grouping of logically related records. Database: a collection of related files or tables containing data.

Database Management System. What is it, and what does it do.

The software program (or group of programs) that provides access to a database. DBMSs also provide the mechanisms for maintaining the integrity of stored data, managing security and user access, and recovering information if the system fails.

How can you query a Database?

Structure Query Language SQL: The most popular query language used for interacting with a database. Allows people to perform complicated searches by using relatively simple statement or key words.

What are the components of a Database Management System?

Database engine: A database engine is the heart of DBMS software, it is responsible for data storage, manipulation, and retrieval·-Data Definition: The data definition component is used to create and maintain the data dictionary and define the structure of files in a database.- Data manipulation: The data manipulation component is used to add, delete, modify, and retrieve records from a database.- Application generation: The application generation component is used to design elements of an application using a database, such as data entry screens, interactive menus, and interfaces with other programming languages.- Data administration: The data administration component, also used by IT professionals and database administrators, is used for tasks such as backup and recovery, security, and change management.

Big data- What is it? What's it's characteristics? How do we work with it?

Diverse/Variety, High-Volume, High-Velocity info assets that require new forms of processing to enable: Enhanced Decision Making, Insight Discovery, and Process Optimization Includes: Structured Data, Unstructured Data, and Semi-Structured Data Generated at High-Velocity with an uncertain pattern Doesn't fit neatly into traditional, structured, relational databases. Can be captured, processed, transformed, and analyzed in reasonable amount of time only by sophisticated information systems.

Data Warehouses: what is it, how it used and what is it's characteristics, for example

Multi-dimensional structure, historical data, etc. A repository of historical data that is organized by subject to support decision makers in the organization.

Tacit knowledge

What people carry in their minds and we find it difficult to access.

Explicit knowledge

Knowledge that can be easily communicated to others and/or captured and stored in some type of document or database.

E-commerce

a. Business-to-consumer (B2C) * b. Business-to-business (B2B) * c. Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) d. Business-to-employee (B2E) e. E-Government - G2C, G2G and C2G f. Consumer to consumer (C2C) g. Consumer to Business (C2B) h. Mobile commerce (M-commerce)

1. Harry's

Harry's is beginning with niche marketing when starting and providing differentiation

2. Zulily

Flash sales to girls and moms.

45% off sales

Curated sales

Entertaining and urgent shopping experiences

Middleman

Collection of data.

Drop Shipping

3. Zara - Review Powerpoints

Store managers are armed with custom apps

Cross Pollinate experiences

Concepts go from design to store i just 15 days

RFID Technology

Limitations: Vulnerability because of Spain and Operations.