DRRR

Grade 12 - Disaster Readiness & Risk Reduction, TERM 2

Loss of life and casualties

A key impact of disasters involving deaths and injuries

Damage to natural and built resources

A key impact of disasters involving damage to environmental and human

Destruction or loss of property and livelihoods

A key impact of disasters involving the loss or destruction of homes, property, jobs, and sources of income

Man

Made Hazards

Biological Hazard

A natural hazard involving disease outbreaks

Geological Hazard

A natural hazard involving geological processes such as earthquakes

Hydrological Hazard

A natural hazard involving water

Meteorological Hazard

A natural hazard involving weather events such as cyclones

Climatological Hazard

A natural hazard involving climate

Pollution

A man

Industrial Accidents

Man

Conflict

A man

Arson

A man

Technological Failure

A man

Philippine Hazard Context

The Philippines is highly exposed to natural and geological hazards because of its location along the Pacific Ring of Fire and the typhoon belt

Tropical Cyclones

A major hazard in the Philippines, with about 20 tropical cyclones striking the country every year and causing flooding, landslides, and destruction

Active Volcanoes

The Philippines has 24 active volcanoes, including Mayon, Pinatubo, and Taal, which pose a continuing eruption risk

Hazard + Exposure + Vulnerability

The combination of a threatening event, people or assets exposed to it, and their susceptibility to harm that determines disaster risk

Exposure

The degree to which people or assets are present in areas that may be affected by a hazard

Vulnerability

The degree to which people or assets are susceptible to harm from a hazard

Mitigation

Measures taken before a disaster to prevent or reduce its effects through structural and non

Preparedness

Pre

Prediction

Forecasting when and where a hazard will occur

Warning

Alerting communities about a hazard so they can take appropriate action

Early Warning System

A system that provides warnings about hazards so communities can take action before impacts occur

Super Cyclone 1999

An Odisha cyclone that caused 9,843 deaths due to limited early warning systems, lack of mass evacuation, and inadequate shelters

Cyclone Phailin 2013

An Odisha cyclone in which only 47 deaths were recorded because of effective shelters, early warnings, coastal embankments, and the advance evacuation of nearly 1 million people

Disaster Risk Reduction

The use of measures such as preparedness, infrastructure, early warning, education, and planning to reduce disaster impacts

Risk Factors

Factors that influence how severely disasters affect communities, including physical, psychological, socio

Physical Factors

Factors such as infrastructure quality and fire exits that can affect survival and recovery during disasters

Psychological Factors

Factors involving fear and community response capacity that can affect how people respond to disasters

Socio

Cultural Factors

Economic Factors

Factors such as income levels and available resources that affect a community's ability to prepare for and recover from disasters

Biological Factors

Factors such as pre

Bayanihan Spirit

A Filipino value of cooperation and mutual assistance that can contribute to community resilience during disasters

Population Displacement

The movement of people away from their homes because of disaster impacts

Food and Resource Shortages

A lack of food and essential resources that can occur after disasters

Health Risks

Potential threats to people's health resulting from disasters, including disease spread

Infrastructure Damage

Damage to buildings, roads, utilities, and other essential structures caused by disasters

Education Disruption

The interruption of classes and learning caused by disasters

Psychological Trauma

The lasting psychological effects that disasters can have on individuals and communities

Psychological Effects

The mental and emotional effects of disasters, including trauma, stress, anxiety, depression, and PTSD

Trauma

A psychological response that may occur following a disaster or other distressing event

Stress

A psychological response that may occur following disaster events

Anxiety

A feeling of fear or worry that may occur following disaster events

Depression

A psychological effect that may occur following disaster events

PTSD

A psychological response that may occur after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event

Social Support

Support from other people that can help communities rebuild mental strength after disasters

Optimism

A positive outlook that can help support psychological recovery after disasters

Psychosocial Services

Services that help address the psychological and social effects of disasters and support community recovery

Resilience and Recovery

The process of rebuilding mental strength and restoring community well

Waka Waka Solar Light Project

A project that provided portable solar lights to disaster survivors, reducing fear and anxiety at night, supporting children's education, and restoring a sense of normalcy

Natural Process

A naturally occurring process that can develop into a hazard when it poses a threat

Hazard

to

Hazard

Prone Area

Climate and Weather Hazard

Prone Areas

Geophysical Hazard

Prone Areas

Human

Made Hazard

Fault Line

A fracture or zone of weakness in the Earth's crust where movement can produce earthquakes

Flood Plain

A low

Liquefaction Risk

The risk that unstable, water

Hazard Mapping

The process of identifying and visually representing hazards in a specific area to help reduce risk

Fire Risk

A potential danger caused by faulty wiring, unattended fire sources, or other conditions that could cause fires

Blocked Exit

A blocked pathway or doorway that can prevent people from safely leaving a building during an emergency

Unstable Structure

A building, shelf, or other structure that may collapse or fall and cause harm

Flood

Prone Spot

Physical and Environmental Impact

The effects of disasters on land, ecosystems, infrastructure, and the physical environment

Cracked Roads and Infrastructure Damage

Damage to roads and infrastructure caused by disasters

Soil Erosion

The wearing away or removal of soil that can occur as a result of natural disasters and environmental damage

Land Degradation

The deterioration of land quality caused or worsened by disasters and environmental processes

Damaged Ecosystems

Disaster

Drought Soil Cracking

The severe cracking of soil caused by prolonged drought

Desertification

The degradation of land into increasingly dry and desert

Biodiversity

The variety of living organisms in an ecosystem, which can be threatened by disaster

Socio

Economic Impacts

Loss of Livelihood

The loss of people's sources of income or means of supporting themselves after a disaster

Economic Loss

The loss of income, employment, business activity, and other economic resources caused by disasters

Infrastructure Costs

The costs of repairing and rebuilding roads, bridges, utilities, and public facilities after disasters

Price Increases

The rise in prices of basic goods and services following disasters, which can increase economic strain

Economic Strain

The financial pressure experienced by affected communities because of disaster

Poverty

A condition that can worsen after disasters because vulnerable populations may lose income and resources

Debt

Financial obligations that may increase among affected households or communities during disaster recovery

Long

Term Economic Instability

Educational Impact

The effects of disasters on learning, schools, students, and educational activities

Psychological Impact

The effects of disasters on mental and emotional well

Evacuation Center

A location used to temporarily shelter people displaced or endangered by a disaster

Shock

A psychological response that may occur after experiencing a disaster

Denial

A psychological response in which a person may have difficulty accepting or processing what happened during a disaster

Psychosocial Intervention

An intervention designed to provide psychological and social support to disaster survivors and communities

Biological Impacts

The effects of disasters on human health, ecosystems, diseases, and biodiversity

Disease Outbreak

The rapid spread of disease that can occur after disasters

Biodiversity Loss

The reduction or destruction of biological diversity caused by disaster impacts

Ecosystem Imbalance

A disruption of the normal relationships and processes within an ecosystem

Food Chain

A sequence of organisms through which energy and nutrients are transferred, which can be disrupted by ecosystem imbalance

Natural Recovery Processes

Natural processes through which ecosystems recover and restore their functions after disturbance

Political Impacts

The effects of disasters on governance, public trust, government response, aid, donations, and rebuilding efforts

Public Trust

The confidence people have in government and institutions, which can be affected by disaster response

Government Response

The actions taken by government authorities to respond to disasters and support recovery

Aid Donations

Resources or assistance provided to affected communities after disasters

Rebuilding Efforts

The actions and resources used to repair damaged infrastructure and restore communities after disasters