[Answer Key] Unit E Review Package Answer Key

Digestion

The mechanical and chemical breaking down of ingested food into particles, then into molecules small enough to move through epithelial cells and into the internal environment.

Absorption

The passage of digested nutrients from the gut lumen into the blood or lymph, which distributes them through the body.

Elimination

The expulsion of indigestible residues from the body.

Mouth

The oral cavity responsible for initial food breakdown and mechanical digestion.

Hard palate / Soft palate

Divisions of the mouth; hard palate contains bones, while soft palate is mainly muscle tissue.

Uvula

The structure hanging down at the back of the throat, forming the end of the soft palate.

Tonsils

Found on the sides of the throat, function in filtering out bacteria and germs.

Teeth

Structures for mechanical digestion; types include incisors, canines, premolars, and molars.

Enamel / Dentine / Pulp

Components of teeth; enamel is the outer layer, dentine is the hard tissue beneath, and pulp contains nerves and blood vessels.

Cavities

Tooth decay caused by bacteria feeding on food and producing acids.

Plaque

A sticky film of bacteria on teeth contributing to cavities.

Fluoride

Mineral aiding in preventing tooth decay.

Gum disease

Inflammation of the gums, known as gingivitis.

Salivary glands

Glands producing saliva for moistening food and initiating digestion.

Saliva

Fluid containing water, mucus, and salivary amylase aiding in starch breakdown.

Parotid / Sublingual / Submandibular

Three sets of salivary glands with specific locations and duct openings.

Bolus

Mass of chewed food ready for swallowing.

Peristalsis

Rhythmic muscle contractions moving food through the digestive tract.

Cardiac sphincter

Muscle valve controlling food entry into the stomach.

Vomiting

Forceful expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth.