HLHS Unit 3 pt.2 - anatomical structures

AXIAL SKELETON

Skull, hyoid, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum.

APPENDICULAR SKELETON

Clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, ilium, ischium, pubis, femur, tibia, fibula, tarsals, and metatarsals.

FRONTAL BONE

Craniofacial bone.

PARIETAL BONE

Craniofacial bone.

TEMPORAL BONE

Craniofacial bone.

OCCIPITAL BONE

Craniofacial bone.

SPHENOID BONE

Craniofacial bone.

ETHMOID BONE

Craniofacial bone.

ZYGOMATIC BONE

Craniofacial bone.

MAXILLA

Craniofacial bone.

NASAL BONE

Craniofacial bone.

LACRIMAL BONE

Craniofacial bone.

MANDIBLE

Craniofacial bone; lower jaw.

CLAVICLE

Appendicular skeleton; collarbone.

SCAPULA

Appendicular skeleton; shoulder blade.

HUMERUS

Appendicular skeleton; upper arm bone.

RADIUS

Appendicular skeleton; forearm bone.

ULNA

Appendicular skeleton; forearm bone.

CARPALS

Appendicular skeleton; wrist bones.

METACARPALS

Appendicular skeleton; palm bones.

PHALANGES

Appendicular skeleton; finger and toe bones.

ILIUM

Appendicular skeleton; pelvic bone.

ISCHIUM

Appendicular skeleton; pelvic bone.

PUBIS

Appendicular skeleton; pelvic bone.

FEMUR

Appendicular skeleton; thigh bone.

TIBIA

Appendicular skeleton; lower leg bone.

FIBULA

Appendicular skeleton; lower leg bone.

TARSALS

Appendicular skeleton; ankle bones.

METATARSALS

Appendicular skeleton; foot bones.

HYOID

Bone included in the axial skeleton.

VERTEBRAL COLUMN

Part of the axial skeleton.

RIBS

Part of the axial skeleton.

STERNUM

Part of the axial skeleton.

MASSETER

Muscle of mastication.

TEMPORALIS

Muscle of mastication.

STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID

Neck muscle.

PECTORALIS MAJOR

Chest muscle.

PECTORALIS MINOR

Chest muscle.

TRAPEZIUS

Back and neck muscle.

RHOMBOIDS

Back muscles.

LATISSIMUS DORSI

Back muscle.

ERECTOR SPINAE

Back muscle group.

RECTUS ABDOMINIS

Abdominal muscle.

OBLIQUES

Abdominal muscles.

TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS

Abdominal muscle.

DELTOID

Upper extremity muscle.

BICEPS BRACHII

Upper arm muscle.

TRICEPS BRACHII

Upper arm muscle.

GLUTEUS MAXIMUS

Lower extremity muscle.

QUADRICEPS

Lower extremity muscle group.

HAMSTRINGS

Lower extremity muscle group.

ADDUCTORS

Lower extremity muscle group.

GASTROCNEMIUS

Lower leg muscle.

SOLEUS

Lower leg muscle.

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS)

Brain and spinal cord.

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS)

12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves.

BRAIN

Part of the central nervous system.

SPINAL CORD

Part of the central nervous system.

CRANIUM

Protects the brain.

MENINGES

Protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

DURA MATER

Outermost meningeal layer.

ARACHNOID MATER

Middle meningeal layer.

PIA MATER

Innermost meningeal layer.

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF)

Circulating fluid protecting the central nervous system.

CRANIAL NERVES

12 pairs of nerves in the peripheral nervous system.

SPINAL NERVES

31 pairs of nerves in the peripheral nervous system.

CEREBRUM

Part of the brain containing four lobes.

FRONTAL LOBE

Lobe of the cerebrum.

PARIETAL LOBE

Lobe of the cerebrum.

TEMPORAL LOBE

Lobe of the cerebrum.

OCCIPITAL LOBE

Lobe of the cerebrum.

CEREBELLUM

Part of the brain.

BRAINSTEM

Part of the brain.

DENDRITES

Neuron structures that receive incoming signals.

CELL BODY (SOMA)

Main body of a neuron.

AXON

Neuron structure that transmits action potentials away from the cell body.

MYELIN SHEATH

Structure surrounding nerve fibers that accelerates conduction.

SYNAPTIC GAP

Gap between neurons.

WHITE MATTER

Nerve tissue referenced in relation to myelin conduction.

SUBSTANTIA NIGRA

Brain region containing dopamine

HYPOTHALAMUS

Endocrine regulatory structure.

PITUITARY GLAND

Endocrine gland involved in hormone regulation.

THYROID GLAND

Endocrine gland.

PANCREAS

Organ involved in endocrine and digestive functions.

ADRENAL GLANDS

Endocrine glands containing cortex and medulla.

ADRENAL CORTEX

Outer part of the adrenal glands.

ADRENAL MEDULLA

Inner part of the adrenal glands.

GONADS

Reproductive glands consisting of ovaries and testes.

OVARIES

Female gonads.

TESTES

Male gonads.

KIDNEYS

Two organs that filter blood.

URETERS

Two tubes carrying urine from kidneys to bladder.

URINARY BLADDER

Organ that stores urine.

URETHRA

Tube carrying urine out of the body.

NEPHRON

Structural and functional unit of the kidney.

GLOMERULUS

Filters blood inside Bowman's capsule.

BOWMAN'S CAPSULE

Structure surrounding the glomerulus.

LYMPHATIC VESSELS

Vessels of the lymphatic system.

LYMPH NODES

Structures that filter pathogens.

SPLEEN

Organ of the lymphatic system.