1-Botaanicals introduction

Main markets for botanicals

natural channel and mainstream market

Top 5 supplemetns in the natural channel (know for exam)

1. turmeric

2. mushrooms

3. CBD

4. elderberry

5. ashwaghanda

Top 5 products in the mainsream market (know for exam)

1. psyllium

2. eldelberry

3. ashwagandha

4. turmeric

5. beet root

What are the two parts to the botanical plant names?

genus and species

genus

general name shared by related plants

species

name specific to individual plant

crude drug

natural products which aren’t pure compounds

drug

a pure substance/ combo of pure substances intended to cure, treat, or prevent a disease in humans

herbs (tyler)

crude drugs of vegetable origin for treatment of chronic diseases or to maintain a improved health condition

Tea vs polyphenon E

Polyphenon E is a botanical drug while tea is a dietary supplement

What is polyphenon E

a purified tea extract FDA approved for treatment of genital warts

Digitalis

botanical used for 200 years and contains actives like digoxin and digitoxin,

why has digitalis failed to be a supplement

because digoxins drug status and bioavaibility in the crude and pure forms

major steps of preperation

identification, analysis, process

preparation

done by botanist, plant sample is stored in herbarium for future identification, use official latin name

organoleptic eval

examine by sight smell touch and sound

identification

Organoleptic eval and USP/ NF methods

what do USP/ NF mehtods include

microscopy, stianing, using chemicals, TLC

Analysis

use USP/ NF to quantitatively or qualitatively see active compounds to see constituents in the plant

9 steps of botanical supplement process

• collection/ harvest

• drying

• garbling

• grinding

• extraction

• concentration

• drying

• QC/QA

• manufacturing final form

Why do you have to dry botanicals?

inactivates enzymes preventing spoilage

Garbling

removing extraneous material

Extraction solvnets

hydroalcoholic or supercritical CO2

Allopathy

treat symptoms through prescription drugs using reductionism, focusing on the symptoms

Ayurvedic medicine

natural therapies with highly personalized holistic approach to treat disease 5000 years old from india

Homeopathy

like cures like, remedies from plants minerals and animals, sitmulate body natural healing process with remedies that match symptoms

Naturopathy

treats health conditions based on body’s innate ability to heal and using variety of natural remides based on patient needs

tribal medicine

various methods of botanical and animal meds and rituals to cure passed through oral traditions and differs tribe to tribe

traditional chinese medicaion

addresses how illness manifests in patient and treats the patient, not the disease through imbalance of yin and yang

aromatherpay

essential oils from medicinal plants to treat health conditions

how can aromatherapy be used

topically internally or stimulate olfactory

flower essences

used internally or topically to balance emotional states

herbal medicine

plant or plant derived preparations to treat prevent or cure health conditions

pharmacognasy

study of natural products used as drugs or for prep of drugs

What does pharmacognasy mean in greek

drug knowledge

phytochemicals

chemical compounds formed in plants metabolic process

phytoestrogens

a type of phytochemical with estrogenic or hormonal impact in humans

Decoction (herbal prep)

boil plant material in water, like bark roots rhizomes

tincture (herbal prep)

soak herbs in a dark place with glycerin alcohol or vin for 2-6 week

• strain then use

Percolation

process extracting constituents of plants with gravity and then take the liquid for application

steps of percolation

• moisten plant and put into vessel

• allow to steep

  • extract will flow out

what is prepared through percolation

tinctures and liquid extracts

infusion

pour boilign or cold water over plant and allow it to steep

essential oils

aromatic volatile oils extracted from leaves stems and flowers of plants, then diluted

handling of botanical sample

plant materials need a voucher specimen deposited at herbarium or institution where product is being made

why is it important to have a voucher specimin

supporting material for public studies ensuring science is reputable

steps to voucher a plant specimen

1.Collect plant in the field.

2. Record specimen data on Plant Report Form.

3. Press immediately, or transport temporarily in a plastic bag and

press as soon as possible.

4. Dry quickly and completely.

5. Send specimen and Plant Report Form to the Herbarium (see Figure 1

what to collect with specimen

whole plant if possible, or enough leaves and stems to show size and opposite buds. include flowers fruits or seads also

what to use for pressing plants

standard size (12×18) plant press.

what size must specimin not exeed

(11.5 to 16.5 inches)- size of herbarium

what specimen information needs to be collected?

all documentation has to be linked to specimen and write data on specimen packaging, using code # for specific sample

what does chinese medicine invlude

medicinal herbs, accurpunture, food therapy, massage, and therpautic exercise

Accupuncture

pierce specific areas of body with needles to relieve discomfort associated with pain disorders to induce anaesthesia for theraputic purpose

alexander therapy

increase awakeness and volutnary inhibiton of habitual patterns of ridgid musculoskeletal constrictions

aromatherapy

use of fragrances and essences from plants to alter moof and behavior using essential oils, originating in africa asia and india

balenotherapy

hot or warm baths in natural mineral waters or spa, can drink the water

whats not included in balneotherapy

whirlpool baths

biofeedback

use of instrumentation to give immediate and continuing signals of chaneg in bodily function to a person which is unaware

chiropractic

use of recuperative powers of the body and relationship between musculoskeletal structure in function including CNS and spinal chord to restore and maintain health

curandersimo

latin american community based folk system of medicine including the humor model and treatment of folk illness

what is the humor model

classifies activity food drugs and illness of being hot or cold and dry or moist, want to balence

Hydrotherapy

external application of water for theraputic proccess, uses plain water

massage

systemic application of friction, percussion, stroking, or other manual manipulation to the soft tissue

types of masage therapy

rolfin, traeger, neuromuscular, shiatsu, accupressurw

meditation relaxation techniques

mental excersizes like visualization, postural modifications, and breathing techniques to reduce phsycial or mental arousal

types of meditation tehniques

jacobsen exercises, mitchell method, autogenic training, visualization

osteopathy

system of therpy and medicine based that body structure and function are of equal importance and an make its own remedies in toxic conditions where there are favroable environmental and adequate nutrition

qigong

energy and pratice, skill of cultivate energy

what does qigong include

chinese practice combining body movement and posture through exersize and medetation while controling breath to enhance mind body connection

reflexology

manual stimulation of points of the foot that correspond to organs and structures of body

theraputic touch

the healers hands are places in a systemic way to faciliative cure

who created theraputic touch

dora kunz and kolores krieger

what is tai chi

chinese system of exersize for an art for life, stimulates the nervous system and increases blood ciruculation and acitvity, often circular gentle slow movement

vegan diet

excludes animal products

vegetarian diets

excludes flesh foods like meath fish and fowl

yoga

includes exercise for attaining bodily control and well being, comes from hindus

herbs commercial

plants used for culinary processes

herbs in horticultural terms

herbaceous, describing apperance as non woody, vascular

herbs in taxonomic terms

above ground parts of aerial parts like flower leaf and stem

what percent of world relies on herbal medicine

80

phytochemicals

compounds found in plants normal metabolic process refered to as secondary metabolites

examples of secondary metabolites

flavonoid, glycoside, gums, phenols, terpens etc

preperations

various plant preperations used to make herbal products at home and for market place

liniment

extract of plant added to alcohol or vinegar applied topically to employ benifits

poultice

theraputic application of soft moist mass of plants material in fine woven cloth

herbal infused oils

extraction in which volitle oils are obtained by soaking plant in a carrier oil for two weeks then straining

medical termonolgy

lists words with medicinal actions that are refered to in medicine to provide understanding of use and conditions for herbs

plant parts

list crude drug or phytopharmacuetical names of parts of plants, not synonymis with botanical

Aetheroleum

-Essential or volatile oil as a distinct aromatic product obtained from the plant.

Balsamum

-A solution of resin and volatile oil usually produced by special cells in some plants.

Bulbus

-Underground buds (specialized stem structure) of a plant, from which both a shoot and roots

may extend

cortex

-The bark of the plant. Bark can be collected from the root, stem, or branches.

Flos

-The flowers of plant usually consisting of a single flower or the entire inflorescences

Folium

-The leaf of plant

fructus

-The fruit or berry of the plant. In pharmacognosy, fructus is not always synonymous with the botanical definition

Oleum

-The fixed oil preparation pressed or squeezed from the plant material

Herb plant part)

parts or the aboveground parts of plants which may include the flower, leaf, and the stem of the plant, and occasionally fruits too.

Oleum

-The fixed oil preparation pressed or squeezed from the plant material.

Pericarpium

-The peel or rind of fruit.

Radix

-The root of a plant, though radix is sometimes synonymous with rhizome.