1-Botaanicals introduction

Main markets for botanicals

natural channel and mainstream market

Top 5 supplemetns in the natural channel (know for exam)

1. turmeric

2. mushrooms

3. CBD

4. elderberry

5. ashwaghanda

Top 5 products in the mainsream market (know for exam)

1. psyllium

2. eldelberry

3. ashwagandha

4. turmeric

5. beet root

What are the two parts to the botanical plant names?

genus and species

genus

general name shared by related plants

species

name specific to individual plant

crude drug

natural products which aren’t pure compounds

drug

a pure substance/ combo of pure substances intended to cure, treat, or prevent a disease in humans

herbs (tyler)

crude drugs of vegetable origin for treatment of chronic diseases or to maintain a improved health condition

Tea vs polyphenon E

Polyphenon E is a botanical drug while tea is a dietary supplement

What is polyphenon E

a purified tea extract FDA approved for treatment of genital warts

Digitalis

botanical used for 200 years and contains actives like digoxin and digitoxin,

why has digitalis failed to be a supplement

because digoxins drug status and bioavaibility in the crude and pure forms

major steps of preperation

identification, analysis, process

preparation

done by botanist, plant sample is stored in herbarium for future identification, use official latin name

organoleptic eval

examine by sight smell touch and sound

identification

Organoleptic eval and USP/ NF methods

what do USP/ NF mehtods include

microscopy, stianing, using chemicals, TLC

Analysis

use USP/ NF to quantitatively or qualitatively see active compounds to see constituents in the plant

9 steps of botanical supplement process

• collection/ harvest

• drying

• garbling

• grinding

• extraction

• concentration

• drying

• QC/QA

• manufacturing final form

Why do you have to dry botanicals?

inactivates enzymes preventing spoilage

Garbling

removing extraneous material

Extraction solvnets

hydroalcoholic or supercritical CO2

Allopathy

treat symptoms through prescription drugs using reductionism, focusing on the symptoms

Ayurvedic medicine

natural therapies with highly personalized holistic approach to treat disease 5000 years old from india

Homeopathy

like cures like diluted substances to sitmulate body natural healing process with remedies that match symptoms

Naturopathy

treats health conditions based on body’s innate ability to heal and using variety of natural remides based on patient needs

tribal medicine

various methods of botanical and animal meds and rituals to cure passed through oral traditions and differs tribe to tribe

traditional chinese medicaion

addresses how illness manifests in patient and treats the patient, not the disease through imbalance of yin and yang

aromatherpay

essential oils from medicinal plants to treat health conditions

how can aromatherapy be used

topically internally or stimulate olfactory

flower essences

used internally or topically to balance emotional states

herbal medicine

plant or plant derived preparations to treat prevent or cure health conditions

pharmacognasy

study of natural products used as drugs or for prep of drugs

What does pharmacognasy mean in greek

drug knowledge

phytochemicals

chemical compounds formed in plants metabolic process

phytoestrogens

a type of phytochemical with estrogenic or hormonal impact in humans

Decoction (herbal prep)

boil plant material in water, like bark roots rhizomes

tincture (herbal prep)

soak herbs in a dark place with glycerin alcohol or vin for 2-6 week

• strain then use

Percolation

process extracting constituents of plants with gravity and then take the liquid for application

steps of percolation

• moisten plant and put into vessel

• allow to steep

  • extract will flow out

what is prepared through percolation

tinctures and liquid extracts

infusion

pour boilign or cold water over plant and allow it to steep

essential oils

aromatic volatile oils extracted from leaves stems and flowers of plants, then diluted