ApAfam Unit 2 Part 1 Vocab

Ladinos

Free & enslaved Africans familiar with Iberian culture & language who journeyed with Europeans in their earliest explorations of the Americas

Atlantic Creoles

people of African descent in "New World" Latin America.

Social Mobility

The ability to change ones social status through familiarity with multiple languages

"La Florida"

Spains name for an area that included Florida

Conquistadores

participating in the work of conquest

Free Skilled Workers & Artisans

Enslaved laborers

Juan Garrido

a conquistador born in the Kingdom of Kongo

Estevanico

Enslaved african healer from morrocco

Chattel Slavery

system in which enslaved people and their descendants are classified as property instead of humans and are enslaved for life.

Transatlantic Slave Trade: 350 years

12.5 million people

5% to US directly from Africa

africans who survived the transatlantic slave trade that came from africa to the US

Charleston

SC

Top five enslaving nations

Portugal

Senegambia and Angola

…compromised nearly half of those taken to mainland North America.

Multiple combinations of African based cultural practices

Interactions of various African ethnic groups poduceed languages and beleif systems within African American communities.

Unsanitary dungeons

Where slaves went after they were captured

Middle Passage

Traveled across the atlantic ocean

Fifteen % Perished

15% of captive afrcans perished in the middle passage.

Monetary Incentives

The use of economic rewards to motivate managers.

Coastal States vs. Interioir States

Coastal states became wealthy from trade in goods and people

War Captives

african sold soilders

Slave narratives

serve as historical accounts

deracination

being uprooted from one's social/cultural/geographic environment

Commodification

being treated as an item or a thing for sale

Hunger strikes

refusing to eat

90 day strikes

Force-feed

Slave ship diagrams

raise awareness

La Amistad

Supreme Court Case: United States v. The Amistad reporposed the icongraphy

Granted the mende captives there freedom

36

000 known voyage

Sengbe Pieh

led a group of enslaved africans in a rebellion

slave auctions

a public sale in which slaves were sold to the highest bidders

1808 banning of the transatlantic slave trade

didnt end slavery

cotton gin

a machine that removed seeds from cotton fiber

counter enslavers cleims

slavery ways a benign institution

benign institution

An institution with generally beneficial effects

slave cotton system

enslaved AA were valuable as commodoties due to the demand for laborerss

cotton boom

time period when cotton replaced tobacco as cash crop

second middle passage

over a million AA were displaced

largest forced migration in american history

seccond middle passage

trail of tears

removal of native americans

skilled labor

Specialized trades performed by enslaved individuals.

separating domestic and agricultural laborers

in some areas

skills from africa: rice cultivation specialized trades

what slaves relied on

bound to institutions

churches

gang system

enslaved people were organized into work gangs that labored from sunup to sundown.

task system

A system of slave labor under which a slave had to complete a specific assignment each day.

work songs

Syncopated rythms autonomy to maintain linguistic practices

Gullah creole

language developed in the carolina lowcountry

economic effects of enslaved

. ecnoic innterdependence foundational to American Economics racial weal disparities

U.S constitution

A document that embodies the fundamental laws and principles by which the United States is governed.

13th amendment

abolished slavery

slave codes

laws to control slaves

race based chattel slavery

System treating enslaved people as property.

code noir

slave codes in french us colonies

codigo negro

Slave codes in Spanish US colonies

deepend racial divides

slave codes and other laws

anti black laws in free states

Some free states enacted laws to deny African Americans opportunities for advancement. Some free states barred entry of free Black people into the state. Some states enacted restrictions to keep free Black men from voting and testifying against Whites in court

S.C. 1740 Slave Code

classified all Black people and the Indigenous communities that did not submit to the colonial government as nonsubjects and presumed enslaved people.

stono rebellion

a 1739 uprising of slaves in South Carolina

dred scott case

african americans

Partus Sequitur Ventrem

legal status of mother

held consequences for enslaved AA

commodocation of enslaved womens reproduction systems

control AA women reproductive

race is not real

concept f race isnt bbased on biology

phenotype

physical characteristics of an organism

race classification

determined by basis of hypodescent

Hypodescent

sometimes called the "one drop of blood rule"

the assignment of children of racially "mixed" unions to the subordinate group

one drop rule

one drop of black blood makes a person black

quilt making

storytelling ammd memory keeping

banjo

drums

call and response

a song style in which a singer or musician leads with a call and a group responds

spirituals

used to resist the dehumanizingconditions and injustice of enslavement

senegambians

fodet leads to invention of the blues

double meaning of spiritual lyrics

two meaning

Name and self identity

enslavers named enslaved

decline in africam born population of african americans

us baned international slave trading

american colonization society

A Society that thought slavery was bad. They would buy land in Africa and get free blacks to move there.

black peoples rejection of term african

Many Black people emphasized their American identity by rejecting the term African

5 million africans in brazil

half of the 10 million Africans who survived the Middle Passage

Preservation of cultural practices in Brazil

African born people born in brzil formed communities and preserved African culture

caipoera and congada

a martial art developed by Africans combining music and call and response.

Celebration of the king of kongo and our lady of the rosary

Increased manumission in Brazil

release from slavery

Seminoles

A tribe of Native Americans who inhabited Florida.

Enslaved by Indigenous People

some aa were enslaved by indigenous

Indigenous slave codes and patrols

some native or local groups helped captured escpaed slaves