Art History Midterm 2

christian, jewish, indian, buddhist & chinese artwork

5 - Siphnian Treasury – Sanctuary of Apollo, Delphi

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5 - Temple of Hera I, Poseidonia (Paestum)

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5 - Temple of Aphaia

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5 - Dying Warrior, pediment

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5 - Tomb of the Diver

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5 - B Parthenon Plan

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5 - 39 Young Men, Parthenon Frieze

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5 - Stele Grave of a Little Girl

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5 - Alexander and Darius

5 - Stag Hunt

6 - Porta Augusta

6 - AB Model of an Etruscan Temple

6 - Master Sculptor Vulca

6 - Boys Climbing Rocks

6 - Dancers and Diners

6 - Cerveteri Sarcophagus

6 - Married Couple Embracing

6 - Head of “Brutus’

6 - Barberini Togatus

6 - Augustus Prima Porta

6 - Ara Pacis

6 - Peristyle Garden, House of the Vettii

6 - Villa of the Mysteries

6 - Garden Vista, Villa of Livia

6 - A Painter at Work

6 - Still Life Painting

6 - Arch of Titus

6 - Spoils from Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem

6 - Flavian Amphitheater / Colosseum

6 - Trajan’s Forum

6 - Basilica Ulpia

6 - Pantheon

6 - Battle of Centaurs, Hadrian’s Villa

6 - Marcus Aurelius

6 - Commodus as Herakles

6 - Tetrarchs

6 - Basilica Nova / Audience Hall of Constantine

6 - Constantine monumental Statue

7 - Catacomb of Leonis

7 - Ark of the Covenant

7 - Wall with Torah Niche, Dura Europus

7 - Crossing of the Red Sea

7 - Baptistery, Dura Europus

7 - Good Shepherd, Orants and Story of Jonah

7 - The Good Shepherd

7 - interior Old St Peter’s

7 - Santa Costanza

7 - Harvesting Grapes

7 - Junius Bassus

7 - Oratory of Galla Placidia

7 - Good Shepherd, Lunette

8 - Hagia Sophia

8 - San Vitale plan

8 - Christ Enthroned, Ravenna

8 - Mosaic Emperor Justinian & Theodora

8 - Diptych, Archangel Michael

8 - Rebecca at the Well

• classical personification (the nude nymph)

• Byzantine spatial distortion

• continuous narrative

• flattened perspective

• empera, gold, and silver on purple-dyed vellum

• purple = expensive!

8 - Icon, Virgin and Child

• representing a transitional phase in Byzantine art

• illusionistic mixed with 3d depth art

• encaustic on wood

8 - Christ Pantokrator

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8 - Harbaville Triptych / Christ Enthroned with Saints

• Ivory

• high relief

• Deesis (christ enthroned with mary and john)

• wings display military saints and martyrs

• greek inscriptions identifying the figures

8 - David Composing the Psalms

9 - Dome of the Rock

• reliquary (islamic shrine)

• temple mount in Jerusalem

• oldest extant Islamic building in the world

• Mohammed ascended to Heaven from the rock inside

9 - Great Mosque, Damascus

• open marble courtyard

• arched porticos and three distinct minarets

• massive mosaics

• axial transept layout

• an architectural innovation

• adapted from late Roman and Byzantine basilica designs

• focal point that leads toward the prayer leader's niche

9 - Great Mosque, Cordoba

• Spain

• Once one of the biggest mosques in the World

• now a catholic cathedral (cause of Spanish inquisition)

• blending Roman, Visigothic, Byzantine, and Umayyad styles

9 - Minbar

9 - Page from the Qur’an

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9 - Court of the Lions

• Alhambra, Granada, Spain

• built on a Rome fortress

• Moorish poets described it as "a pearl set in emeralds", an allusion to the colour of its buildings and the woods around them

9 - Dome, Court of the Lions

• 16 point star dome

• Palace of Lions

• ceilings are carved from white stucco over a wooden armature

• originally painted in rich polychrome

• miniature muqarnas compositions to transition from the square room to the star shape

9 - Mosaic Mihrab

• iran

• mihirab = niche in wall of a mosque

• Sayings of the Prophet Muhammad are written in kufic script on the borders

• outer inscription is in cursive script

• arabesque ornament

9 - Interior, Mosque of Sultan Selim

• Hemispheric dome is larger than Hagia Sophia

• eight weight bearring pillars

• A square, rather than longitudinal plan

• structural logic of the form is highlighted

9 - Tugra, Sultan Suleyman

• Iluminated Tugra (meaning in gold)

• ink paint and gold on paper

• Tugra of Sultan Suleyman

• •Istanbul, Turkey

9 - Ardabil Carpet

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10 - Ashokan Pillar

• only some remain

• has the lion capital on one of them

• carved with blocks of sandstone

• glossy texture

• topped with inverted lotus

• monolithic minimalism

10 - Priest King, Mohenjo-Daro

• white steatite fired

• no hair bun (might have fallen off)

• holes under ears indicate maybe a necklace or smth

• combed beard but no moustache

• circle designs originally filled with red pigment

10 - Yakshi Figure

• The Mauryan Polish

• carved from a single piece of sandstone

• royal iconography

• Voluptuous Idealization:

• Intricate Linear Contrast

• Frontal Dynamism

• lifesized

10 - Lion Capital (Pillars of Ashoka)

• 4 lions facing the cardinal directions

• polished sandstone

• chakra wheel

• topped with inverted lotus

• a series of pillars

• monolithic minimalism

• realistic animal

• dynamic geometric symmetry

10 - Great Stupa

• Sanchi

• Burnt brick and sandstone

• said to contain the relics of the Buddha himself

• stupa derived from burial practice of mounds

10 - Yakshi Bracket

• on the torana (gateways) of the Great Stupa at Sanchi

• symbolically AND structurally important (art always also has function)

• yakashi = tree branch bearing nymph

• fertility, cosmic abundance, coaxing into spring

• s curve

• fluid body and a sense of dance

• one leg wrapped around branch (kicking tree into spring)

• volumetric curves (big chest small waist big hips)

10 - Chaitya Hall

• rock cut

• structural prayer hall

• long rectangular layout ending in a semi-circular apsidal rear containing a stupa

• pillars topped with animals or sometimes humans (maithuna couples)

10 - Standing Buddha / Gradhara

• greek inspired facial features

• realistic hair

• naturalistic drapery

• one of the earliest human depiction of Buddha

• primarily using gray-blue schist stone or molded stucco

10 - Seated Buddha / Mathura School / Buddha and Attendants

• Red sandstone

• Kushan Period

• Katara Keshavdev, Mathura

• seated lotus position

• less naturalism (very square looking)

• indigenous spiritual style

10 - Temple of Vishnu

• inner sanctum with deity

• large panels of votive carvings

• door leading into square sanctum (cella)

• four sculptural bands

• door with 4 distinct buds of carvings

• vegetal motifs

• post and lintel

10 - Vishnu on the Cosmic Waters

• Vishnu Temple at Deogarh

• Relief panel

• Sleeps on the serpent of infinity called Ananta

• Dreaming the universe into existence

• Female aspect Lakshmi

• shakti

10 - Bodhisattva

• ajanta monestary

• mural painting from rock cut hall

• enlightenment begins

• supposedly postponing nirvana

• union of divine & human

• chiarascuro

• naturalistic style

10 - Eternal Shiva

• rock cut relief

• carved directly out of basalt rock using subtractive

• supported by massive columns

• imposing scale (7 meters)

10 - Lord of the Dance / Shiva Nataraja

• Copper

• iconographic depiction

• symbolizing cosmic dance of creation / preservation / destruction

• The Flame Ring (Prabha Mandala) representing manifesting the universe

• Shiva stomping on the Dwarf Demon (ignorance)

• flying hair showing energy

• a bunch of hand gestures (Mudras)

11 - Tomb Soldiers / Terracotta Army

• Earthware - terracotta

• Life size

• Qin Dynasty

• From the mausoleum of Emperor Shihuangdi, Lintong

• individual/unique faces (not cookie cutter) (diverse ethnicity)

• likely inspired by real people

• hierarchy of rank (varying complexity of armour and headdress)

• clay molds to make body parts then sculpted wet clay on top to add details

11 - Bowl, Banpo

• Xi’an

• Neolithic Period

• Painted pottery

• Human face, fish body

• a priest wearing a mask to communicate with spirits

• edges of the bowl are banpo symbols, an early form of writing / calligraphy

• summoning a child’s soul & comforting grieving mother / guiding the spirit into afterlife

11 - Jade Cong

• Neolithic period

• Jade

• incised zoomorphic masks

• Deity-beast motif

• ritual artifact / burial good

• round and square (round=heaven, square=earth)

11 - Painted Banner, Tomb of the Marquess of Dai

• Registers (top heaven, Lady Dai in the Afterlife, Earthly Funeral / Mourning Scenebottom underworld)

• from tomb of the Marquess of Dai, Mawangdui, Changsha, Hunan

• Han Dynasty

11 - Incense Burner

• tomb of prince Liu Sheng

• Han Dynasty

• Bronze with gold inlay

11 - Detail of Admonitions (OF THE IMPERIAL INSTRUCTRESS TO COURT LADIES)

• Six Dynasties Period (or later)

• handscroll ink and colours on silk

• artist: Gu Kaizhi

• Lady Fen throwing herself at the bear to protect the emporor

• heavy on Confucianism

11 - Seated Buddha, cave 20

• Northern Wei Dynasty

• Yungang

• Stone

• Central Asian and Gandharan artistic influences (robe drapery with zigzag patterns)

• non-Chinese physiognomy (plump cheeks, thick neck, long eyes, sharp nose, slight smile)

• the depiction of something new to Chinese culture

11 - Great Wild Goose Pagoda

• Tang Dynsaty

• Ci’en temple

• Chang’an Shang Xi

• had to be rebuilt (rebuilt in 8th century… was made of wood)

• Upward-curving roofs are supported by elaborate bracketing

• Pagoda - developed from Indian Stupa

11 - Ladies Preparing Silk

• Northern Song Dynasty

• Handscroll with ink and colours on silk

• Artist: Zhang Xuan

• no background nor horizon line

• focus on the figures and textiles

• a copy after a lost Tang Dynasty painting by Zhang Xuan

• Multiple thin layers of rich mineral pigments

11 - Seated Guanyin Bodhisattva

• Liao Dynasty

• Wood and paint and gold (repainted in 16th century)

• androgynous form

• comfortable/intimate/graceful

• the stone is short hand for a mountain

• volumetric naturalism

• dynamic fluidity

• material opulence

• polychrome intensity

11 - Travelers among mountains and streams

• artist: Fu Kuan

• northern Song

• ink wash

• handscroll

• rain dot texture/technique (cunfa)

• philosophical (small people, vast nature)

• daoist thoughts