Y 9 Geography and Business and Economics Exam Revision

What is a biome?

A large geographical region defined by its climate, plants, and animals.

What does Net Primary Productivity (NPP) measure?

The amount of plant biomass created after subtracting the energy used for respiration.

What is desertification?

The process of fertile land turning into desert due to drought, deforestation, or poor farming.

Name the 6 major land biomes.

Tundra, Taiga, Temperate Forest, Tropical Rainforest, Grasslands, and Desert.

What is food security?

Reliable access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food for everyone.

What is aquaculture?

The farming of aquatic animals and plants in controlled water environments.

Name two ways climate change affects agriculture.

1. Decreases crop yields through heat and water shortages. 2. Shifts the timing of growing seasons.

Name three main farming adaptations to climate change.

1. Drought-resistant crops 2. Efficient irrigation systems 3. New farming technologies.

What is globalisation?

The increasing connection and interdependence between countries worldwide through trade and technology.

What is an import?

A good or service bought into a country from abroad.

What is an export?

A good or service produced domestically and sold to another country.

What is a tariff?

A government tax placed on imported goods.

What do the letters GDP stand for?

Gross Domestic Product.

What does GDP measure?

The total monetary value of all finished goods and services produced in a country over a specific time.

What does "per capita" mean?

Per person (the total amount divided by the population).

What is specialisation in trade?

When a country focuses on producing the goods and services it makes most efficiently.

What is urban sprawl and one problem it causes?

The uncontrolled spread of cities into rural areas, destroying farmland and wildlife habitats.

What is a consumer?

A person who buys and uses goods or services to meet their needs.

What are 3 advantages of international trade?

1. Boosts economic growth 2. Creates jobs 3. Increases choice for consumers.

What are 3 disadvantages of international trade?

1. Harms the environment 2. Can lead to poor working conditions 3. Causes over-reliance on foreign goods.

What does the PQE method stand for?

P - Pattern (identify trends), Q - Quantify (give data), E - Exception (spot anomalies).

What are the three key lines of global latitude?

1. Tropic of Cancer 2. Equator 3. Tropic of Capricorn.

What is the command term "Describe"?

State "what" or "where" using source evidence, without explaining why.

What is the command term "Explain"?

Give the reasons "how" or "why" something happens using evidence and reasoning.