Element spotlight

Hydrogen

simplest

Hydrogen

¾ of universe

Hydrogen

Present in nearly all molecules in living things

Hydrogen

________fuel cells say their pollution free, but process in making ____ is not so much b/c coming from natural gas

Hydrogen

most used for production of ammonia (fertilizers) & vegetable oils

Helium

discovered on the sun before found here on earth

Helium

Balloons…since gas is less dense, when it surrounds vocal cords they vibrate faster and the pitch skyrockets

Helium

you don’t want to inhale too much so that you replace oxygen in the lungs

Helium

We get from natural gas too, because there is not enough to extract from air.

Helium

No one has successfully made a compound with ___

Lithium

Lightest & simplest of all solids

Lithium

floats because of its low density

Lithium

____ion batteries- super lightweight technology

Lithium

US only has one mine in Nevada, dependent on Chile and Australia

Lithium

_____carbonate used to treat depression to level mood swings (one of the very first)

Lithium

reacts violently with water (bursts into a red flame)

Beryllium

deadly poison with sugary taste

Beryllium

super high melting point and light, so ideal for certain materials…like components on the space shuttle or in missiles/aircraft or nuclear reactors

Beryllium

just tons of uses

beryllium

found in 30 plus minerals; emeralds and aquamarine

beryllium

airborn? can cause lung cancer

boron

metalloid

boron

used for absorbing neutrons in control rods

boron

borax

carbon

graphite (so popular as a machinery lubricant, hard to keep up with demand ) & diamonds (natural vs. man-made)

carbon

Graphene- stronger than steel, more flexible than rubber

carbon

nearly 10 million____ compounds discovered

carbon

known since prehistoric times as charcoal

carbon

main source, coal-30% worldwide fuel

carbon

_____-14 dating

carbon

first tattoos- cuts in skin and then rubbed in charcoal

nitrogen

crucial to life, found in proteins

nitrogen

78% of earth’s air

nitrogen

80% of ammonia goes to fertilizer-overuse=environmental concerns

nitrogen

food preservation

nitrogen

used when a nonreactive atmosphere is needed

nitrogen

______ oxide=laughing gas

oxygen

vital for sustaining life; almost 20% of the atmosphere

oxygen

first___ on the planet likely from cyanobacteria

oxygen

carbon monoxide- hemoglobin that carries_____replaced

oxygen

Ozone, can be used as bleaching agent and disinfectant

oxygen

300 million years ago, higher______ content lead to HUGE insects

Oxygen

combustion

oxygen

most common element in earths crust- tied up in sand

Fluorine

most reactive element on the table

fluorine

added to drinking water & toothpaste to reduce cavities

fluorine

calcium ____ experimenting lead to the production of hydro____ acid- deadly, even if just splashed on skin

fluorine

too much can be deadly

fluorine

found in 25% of drugs, namely cancer fighting medication

neon

no stable compound of ___ exists

neon

when electricity is applied, it glows intense orange

neon

“neon” lights

sodium

so reactive, not found by itself in nature

sodium

crucial for blood pressure control because it regulates water levels and makes sure the nervous system is working properly

sodium

compounds used for mummification

sodium

many important compounds

Magnesium

alloyed to make car bodies and items that need to be light

magnesium

used for flares and fireworks

magnesium

catalyst in organic reactions, so essential to good health

magnesium

crucial in the body for more than 300 processes

magnesium

most of our ______comes from nevada

aluminum

most abundant metal on the surface of the earth

aluminum

millions of tons a year are produced

aluminum

takes only 5% of the energy to recycle it vs extracting new from ore but only 50-60% gets recycled. But that number is just an estimate, some say as high as 75%

silicon

silica= main ingredient in sand

silicon

quartz=non-crystallized silica

silicon

used to make glass, soap, & adhesives

silicon

Not silicone, although its in it

silicon

plants use it to strengthen their cell walls

silicon

researchers are funding endless ways to use this element

Phosphorus

white(most common), red, black- all arranged differently

phosphorus

white can self-ignite at about 86 degrees and will glow in the dark

phosphorus

used in fireworks and fertilizers

phosphorus

used in the red tips of ordinary matches- red will turn white w some friction

phosphorus

found accidentally in 1669 when processing urine in the pursuit of gold

sulfur

bible times…brimstone

sulfur

skunks defensive odor is a___compound (selenium too)

sulfur

minerals associated with volcanoes and hot springs

sulfur

farts=large intestine full of bacteria that release _____ compounds, but _____ by itself is odorless until contact with air/moisture to form the compounds

sulfur

_____byproducts when refining fossil fuels, now turning it into plastics

sulfur

gun powder

sulfur

car batteries

chlorine

used in So many things-medicines, plastics, paints, paper

chlorine

common antiseptic & bleaching agent

chlorine

this deadly gas was used in WWI=chemical warfare

chlorine

chicken drenched in ___to get rid of fecal matter

chlorine

skin of poison dart frogs

argon

used in incandescent light bulbs

argon

used in lasers- LASIK for correcting vision

potassium

highly explosive

potassium

compounds used in everything from fertilizers to salt substitutes to soaps, deodorants, & detergents

potassium

___nitrate used to preserve food middle ages

Potassium

important as an electrolyte- conducts electrical signals for proper muscle contraction, only about 20% of Americans get enough _____

potassium

lethal injection- disrupts electrical signals to heart causing contraction & relaxation

Calcium

assists in muscle movement and the proper release of hormones and enzymes

calcium

to absorb properly, need Vitamin D

calcium

approximately 2% of the human body is composed of _____ in one form or another

calcium

____carbonate= limestone= chalk

calcium

_____sulfate= plaster of paris

calcium

used for making cement