POLI110 Midterm 1

DC 98:5

And that law of the land which is constitutional, supporting that principle of freedom in maintaining rights and privileges, belongs to all mankind, and is justifiable before me.

DC 98:10

Wherefore, honest men and wise men should be sought for diligently, and good men and wise men ye should observe to uphold; otherwise whatsoever is less than these cometh of evil.

DC 101:79-80

Therefore, it is not right that any man should be in bondage one to another. And for this purpose have I established the Constitution of this land, by the hands of wise men whom I raised up unto this very purpose, and redeemed the land by the shedding of blood.

DC 121:39

We have learned by sad experience that it is the nature and disposition of almost all men, as soon as they get a little authority, as they suppose, they will immediately begin to exercise unrighteous dominion.

DC 134:1

We believe that governments were instituted of God for the benefit of man; and that he holds men accountable for their acts in relation to them, both in making laws and administering them, for the good and safety of society.

Articles of Faith 12

We believe in being subject to kings, presidents, rulers, and magistrates, in obeying, honoring, and sustaining the law.

Normative

Refers to how things should be.

Imperative

Refers to statements of fact.

Common approaches in Social Sciences

Include rationality, identity biases, social influence, and institutional structure.

Common methods in Social Sciences

Include surveys, observation, statistical modeling, experiments, and focus groups.

Challenge of politics

Disagreement can lead to coercive policies; governments are often seen as necessary to hold society together.

Tragedy of the Commons

Situation where individuals take a common resource until it is destroyed.

Magna Carta

Established that no one, including the king, is above the law.

Shays’ Rebellion

An uprising due to financial distress that nearly overthrew Massachusetts, signaling potential anarchy.

Virginia Plan

Proposed a national government where representation is based on population.

New Jersey Plan

Maintained state alliances with equal representation for states in a single chamber.

Great Compromise

Resolved the conflict between the Virginia and New Jersey plans.

Three-fifths Compromise

Slaves would count as three-fifths of a person for population purposes.

Plenary power

Gives all power to the government with specific restrictions.

Enumerated power

Government has only the specific powers that are listed.

Oaks’s five inspired fundamentals

Include separation of powers, federal division of powers, popular sovereignty, rule of law, and the Bill of Rights.

Federalist

Advocates for a union of people, including key figures like Madison and Hamilton.

Antifederalist

Advocates for an alliance of states.

Ratification

The agreement of all 13 states after a compromise for the Bill of Rights.

DC 98:5

And that law of the land which is constitutional, supporting that principle of freedom in maintaining rights and privileges, belongs to all mankind, and is justifiable before me.

DC 98:10

Wherefore, honest men and wise men should be sought for diligently, and good men and wise men ye should observe to uphold; otherwise whatsoever is less than these cometh of evil.

DC 101:79-80

Therefore, it is not right that any man should be in bondage one to another. And for this purpose have I established the Constitution of this land, by the hands of wise men whom I raised up unto this very purpose, and redeemed the land by the shedding of blood.

DC 121:39

We have learned by sad experience that it is the nature and disposition of almost all men, as soon as they get a little authority, as they suppose, they will immediately begin to exercise unrighteous dominion.

DC 134:1

We believe that governments were instituted of God for the benefit of man; and that he holds men accountable for their acts in relation to them, both in making laws and administering them, for the good and safety of society.

Articles of Faith 12

We believe in being subject to kings, presidents, rulers, and magistrates, in obeying, honoring, and sustaining the law.

Normative

Refers to how things should be.

Imperative

Refers to statements of fact.

Common approaches in Social Sciences

Include rationality, identity biases, social influence, and institutional structure.

Common methods in Social Sciences

Include surveys, observation, statistical modeling, experiments, and focus groups.

Challenge of politics

Disagreement can lead to coercive policies; governments are often seen as necessary to hold society together.

Tragedy of the Commons

Situation where individuals take a common resource until it is destroyed.

Magna Carta

Established that no one, including the king, is above the law.

Shays’ Rebellion

An uprising due to financial distress that nearly overthrew Massachusetts, signaling potential anarchy.

Virginia Plan

Proposed a national government where representation is based on population.

New Jersey Plan

Maintained state alliances with equal representation for states in a single chamber.

Great Compromise

Resolved the conflict between the Virginia and New Jersey plans.

Three-fifths Compromise

Slaves would count as three-fifths of a person for population purposes.

Plenary power

Gives all power to the government with specific restrictions.

Enumerated power

Government has only the specific powers that are listed.

Oaks’s five inspired fundamentals

Include separation of powers, federal division of powers, popular sovereignty, rule of law, and the Bill of Rights.

Federalist

Advocates for a union of people, including key figures like Madison and Hamilton.

Antifederalist

Advocates for an alliance of states.

Ratification

The agreement of all 13 states after a compromise for the Bill of Rights.

State

An individual and independent geopolitical area.

Unitary system

A system where the central government overrules regional governments.

Confederal system

A system where regional governments overrule the central government.

Federal system

A system where central and regional governments each have final authority in different areas.

Dual Federalism

A model of federalism characterized by minimal overlap between central and state responsibilities.

Shared Federalism

A model of federalism characterized by overlap and cooperation between central and state governments.

Centralization

The concentration of administrative power into one central authority or area.

Supremacy clause

Constitutional clause establishing that federal law takes priority over conflicting state laws.

Necessary and proper clause

Also called the elastic clause; grants Congress authority to create laws required to execute its constitutional duties.

McCulloch v. Maryland

Supreme Court case that addressed whether establishing a national bank was constitutional under the Necessary and Proper Clause.

Commerce clause

Constitutional clause allowing Congress to regulate commerce with foreign nations, among states, and with Native tribes.

Gibbons v. Ogden

Supreme Court case examining whether Congress has authority over state waters regarding commercial licensing.

DC 98:5

And that law of the land which is constitutional, supporting that principle of freedom in maintaining rights and privileges, belongs to all mankind, and is justifiable before me.

DC 98:10

Wherefore, honest men and wise men should be sought for diligently, and good men and wise men ye should observe to uphold; otherwise whatsoever is less than these cometh of evil.

DC 101:79-80

Therefore, it is not right that any man should be in bondage one to another. And for this purpose have I established the Constitution of this land, by the hands of wise men whom I raised up unto this very purpose, and redeemed the land by the shedding of blood.

DC 121:39

We have learned by sad experience that it is the nature and disposition of almost all men, as soon as they get a little authority, as they suppose, they will immediately begin to exercise unrighteous dominion.

DC 134:1

We believe that governments were instituted of God for the benefit of man; and that he holds men accountable for their acts in relation to them, both in making laws and administering them, for the good and safety of society.

Articles of Faith 12

We believe in being subject to kings, presidents, rulers, and magistrates, in obeying, honoring, and sustaining the law.

Normative

Refers to how things should be.

Imperative

Refers to statements of fact.

Common approaches in Social Sciences

Include rationality, identity biases, social influence, and institutional structure.

Common methods in Social Sciences

Include surveys, observation, statistical modeling, experiments, and focus groups.

Challenge of politics

Disagreement can lead to coercive policies; governments are often seen as necessary to hold society together.

Tragedy of the Commons

Situation where individuals take a common resource until it is destroyed.

Magna Carta

Established that no one, including the king, is above the law.

Shays’ Rebellion

An uprising due to financial distress that nearly overthrew Massachusetts, signaling potential anarchy.

Virginia Plan

Proposed a national government where representation is based on population.

New Jersey Plan

Maintained state alliances with equal representation for states in a single chamber.

Great Compromise

Resolved the conflict between the Virginia and New Jersey plans.

Three-fifths Compromise

Slaves would count as three-fifths of a person for population purposes.

Plenary power

Gives all power to the government with specific restrictions.

Enumerated power

Government has only the specific powers that are listed.

Oaks’s five inspired fundamentals

Include separation of powers, federal division of powers, popular sovereignty, rule of law, and the Bill of Rights.

Federalist

Advocates for a union of people, including key figures like Madison and Hamilton.

Antifederalist

Advocates for an alliance of states.

Ratification

The agreement of all 13 states after a compromise for the Bill of Rights.

State

An individual and independent geopolitical area.

Unitary system

A system where the central government overrules regional governments.

Confederal system

A system where regional governments overrule the central government.

Federal system

A system where central and regional governments each have final authority in different areas.

Dual Federalism

A model of federalism characterized by minimal overlap between central and state responsibilities.

Shared Federalism

A model of federalism characterized by overlap and cooperation between central and state governments.

Centralization

The concentration of administrative power into one central authority or area.

Supremacy clause

Constitutional clause establishing that federal law takes priority over conflicting state laws.

Necessary and proper clause

Also called the elastic clause; grants Congress authority to create laws required to execute its constitutional duties.

McCulloch v. Maryland

Supreme Court case that addressed whether establishing a national bank was constitutional under the Necessary and Proper Clause.

Commerce clause

Constitutional clause allowing Congress to regulate commerce with foreign nations, among states, and with Native tribes.

Gibbons v. Ogden

Supreme Court case examining whether Congress has authority over state waters regarding commercial licensing.

Reason colonies declared themselves as 'states'

To establish themselves as individual, independent geopolitical equals to Great Britain.

Evolution of state-federal division of power since 1787

Transitioned over time from dual federalism to shared federalism.