quiz 3 unit 2

What happens during oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate?

CO2 is released, NAD+ is reduced to NADH, and the remaining acetyl group attaches to coenzyme A.

Which process produces the most ATP during aerobic cellular respiration?

Oxidative phosphorylation through the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis.

What is substrate-level phosphorylation?

An enzyme transfers a phosphate group directly from a phosphorylated substrate to ADP, forming ATP.

How is glucose made during photosynthesis?

Atoms from carbon dioxide and water are rearranged using light energy to produce sugars and oxygen.

What gas is required for cells to produce the most energy through aerobic respiration?

Oxygen (O2)

Which products of photosynthesis are used in cellular respiration?

Oxygen (O2) and glucose (C6H12O6)

What is the three-carbon product formed when glucose is broken down during glycolysis?

Pyruvate

What is chemiosmosis?

The movement of protons down their electrochemical gradient through ATP synthase, providing energy to produce ATP.

How do alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation differ?

Alcoholic fermentation produces ethanol and CO2; lactic acid fermentation produces lactate.

Which processes produce carbon dioxide during fermentation?

Alcoholic fermentation by yeast, such as in rising bread or wine production.