Chapter 4 of Radiation

Deterministic Effects

Non-linear, threshold (less dangerous)

Stochastic Effects

Liner, non-threshold (more dangerous)

Two examples of Stochastic effects

Cancer or hereditary effects

Two examples of Deterministic effects

Hair loss or rash

What are the two theories about injury

Direct and Indirect

Direct Injury

Rarer, radiation directly hits critical cell

Indirect Injury

Common, radiation is absorbed in the water within the cell, creates toxins

Is there a safe dose with Stochastic?

No

What are determining factors?

Total dose, dose rate, amount of tissue, cell sensitivity, age

What measurements measure radiation in the air?

Roentgens and Coulombs

What measurements measure radiation thats been absorbed?

Rads and grays

What measurements measure radiation that damages?

REMS and siverts

What are the 4 critical organs

BLTS, Bone marrow, lens of eye, Thyroid gland, skin

What disorder comes from bone marrow?

Leukemia

What disorder comes from lens of eye?

cataracts

What disorder comes from thyroid gland?

Cancer

What disorder comes from skin?

Cancer

What is acute damage+effects

Large amount short time, effects are ARS and nausea

What is chronic damage+effects

Small amount long time, effects are cancer and genetic effects

What is acute radiation syndrome and effects

A serious, life threatening condition caused by large amounts of ionizing radiation in a short time, symptoms are vommiting, dizziness, and loss of consciousness