Microbiology Key Concepts: UV Damage, Osmosis, Stains, and Microbial Agents
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23 Terms
UV
Damages DNA
Pyrimidine dimer
DNA damage caused by UV
260 nm
UV wavelength associated with DNA absorption
Osmosis
Movement of water
Hypotonic
Water enters cell
Isotonic
No net water movement
Hypertonic
Water leaves cell
Plasmolysis
Cell loses water/shrinks
Halotolerant
Tolerates salt but doesn't require it
Obligate halophile
Requires salt
Antiseptic
Antimicrobial for living tissue
Disinfectant
Antimicrobial for nonliving surfaces
Antibiotic
Antimicrobial drug targeting bacteria
Bactericidal
Kills bacteria
Bacteriostatic
Stops bacterial growth
Selective toxicity
Targets microbes more than host
Catalase
Breaks down H₂O₂
Catalase +
Bubbles
Negative stain
Stains background
Nigrosin
Acidic negative stain
Capsule
Mucoid polysaccharide/polypeptide layer
Negative stain appearance
Clear cells on dark background
Heat fixation
Avoid with negative stain