Threshold of Democracy: Athens in 403 BC Quiz on Primary Texts

Pericles was elected general throughout the 27-year duration of the Peloponnesian War

False

His funeral oration was delivered in the first year of the war

True

Pericles tells personal stories about the individuals who dies

False

He praises Athenians for building an empire

True

He says that Athens does not copy other city-states

True

He calls Athens an oligarchy because it is ruled by the few

False

He notes that Athenians do not import products from other cities

False

He says that the painful discipline of other states makes them better soldiers than the Athenians

False

He says that Athens respects men who do not engage in public affairs

False

He says that Athens gains friends by granting favors to others

True

He advises parents to have more children to replace those who have died

True

He advises women to take an active role in public life

False

The discussion begins when Socrates goes to the Polemarchus's house after

going to a festival for a new goddess

Cephalus

is conventional in his thinking, is an old rich man, leaves the discussion

Thrasymachus thinks that justice means

doing what one is powerful enough to do

Socrates

asks rude questions, speaks ironically, can be very irritating

The ring of Gyges

allows its owner to become invisible

Socrates, Glaucon, and Adimantus examine and construct an ideal city because

it will be easier to find justice there than in the individual

The more complicated "fevered" state differs from the simple one by including

theater, cake, war

The state's guardians must be both

warlike and gentle

The stories of the poets are dangerous because

they present the gods as less than perfectly good, they make us more likely to lose control of our emotions, they present bad people as worthy of imitation

The noble lie

is told to all the citizens of the ideal city, says that all the citizens were reared in the depths of the land where they live, says that children may be born of a metal different from their parents.

The guardians

may not be happy in their role

The guardians must see to it that

the state does not become too wealthy, the state does not become too big, the system of education does not change

Justice in the ideal city is

each member of the city sticking to his own job

Justice in the individual soul

is parallel to justice in the city, means that each part of the soul minds its own business, requires the reasoning part to rule the other parts

Socrates' interlocutors

use the language of accusation and trial when questioning Socrates

Socrates' ideal city

will promote equality between men and women

Socrates argues that

knowledge pertains to what truly is, opinion pertains to appearances, only philosophers grasp what truly is

In Socrates' parable of the ship, the philosopher is represented by

the one called a star-gazer

In Socrates' parable of the beast

the sophists take their understanding from the beast

The true philosopher

must be given the best education, will love truth, will have the ability to create justice in the state.

The philosopher

must be forced to rule

Protagoras was

a sophist

Socrates says that the art of running a city apparently cannot be taught because

the Assembly listens to the opinions of those who have no special education in running a city, the wisest statesmen do not successfully educate their sons in statecraft

Protagoras maintains that all men are capable of running a city because

cities could not function if all of their citizens did not have some sense of justice

Protagoras thinks that the art of running a city can be taught because

arts like flute playing can be taught, and statecraft, too, is an art

Lycurgus was the legendary founder of

Sparta

For money, Spartans use

iron bars

Spartans were known for their

simple meals, equality among all citizens, hostility to travel and trade with other cities

Spartan women

exercised in the nude, were thought by other Greeks to be immodest, did not live with their husbands

Spartan children

received a strict upbringing from the state

Cimon

a fought in the Persians Wars, was friendly with Aristides, was of aristocratic birth

Cimon was

generous to strangers, an admirer of Sparta, opposed to Pericles

Ischomachus compares order in the household to order in

a chorus, an army, a merchant ship

Ischomachus's wife is like a ruler in that

she governs the household

The proper activities of a gentleman include

the arts of war, rhetoric, and practice of religion

Ischomachus thinks that servants-whether housekeepers or bailiffs-should

have a share in the household's wealth and honor

This attribute would make a bad bailiff

love of drink

The most important difference between those who succeed and those who don't is

hard work

The Thirty were

oligarchs

Critias was a leader of the

oligarchs

Thrasybulus was a leader of the

radical democrats

After Athens's loss to Sparta in the Peloponnesian War

their walls and fortifications were dismantled, an oligarchy was imposed on Athens, the Spartans garrisoned solider in Athens

Theramenes was killed because

he opposed the Thrirty

The Thirty

arrested and executed many Athenian citizens, confiscated weapons from all but three thousand "fit and proper citizens", forbade all but the three thousand "fit and proper citizens" from setting foot in the city

Thrasybulus and his followers

set up camp on the northern borders, defeated the oligarchs, killed a number of Athenian hoplites.