m9 pt. 3 | inhalant anesthetics

Inhalant anesthetics

It is in the form of gas or vapors via inhalation route.

• Major inhalant anesthetics

• Minor inhalant anesthetics

• Other inhalant anesthetcis

• New inhalant anesthetics

Classifications under inhalant anesthetics

• methoxyflurane

• Halothane

• Nitrous oxide

Drugs under Major Inhalant Anesthetics

Methoxyflurane

• Considered to be most popular inhalant anesthetic used in small animal in the old-old-days.

• improper administration causes unwanted and prolong recovery in horses

• It bypasses Stage II, therefore it will not show signs of stage II it will go directly to stage III.

• Halothane

• nitrous oxide

Methoxyflurane is more potent than _______

Atropine

Methoxy Flurane - side effect

• cardiac arrythmia occurs but can be abolished by

Epinephrine

Methoxy Flurane - Drug interaction

• Administration of _______ can cause arrhythmia during methoxyflurane anesthesia.

Halothane

• In 1960, it is now the most popular anesthetic in human (now enflurane)

• By-pass stage II

cerebro spinal fluid

Halothane Contraindications

• do not use halothane when performing neurosurgery because it produces more _____

Heart diseases

Halothanes is poor choice anesthetic for patients with _____

Apnea

Breathing stop while asleep or almost no airflow

Tachypnea

Rapid breathing

Prre-anesthetic of barbiturate

Halothane causes apnea → apnea can be decreased by ______

Meperidine

Halothane causes tachypnea and can be abolished by _____

Thermoregulatory mechanism

Halothane can depress the ______ leading to hypothermia

Hepatitis

Halothane can cause _____ especially when the ALT level is in the maximum rangw

Epinephrine

Halothane - Drug Interaction

• administration of _____ may result to risk of arrythmia and ventricular fibrillation

Acetaminophen

Halothane - Drug Interaction

• hepatoxicity (liver poisoning) is enhanced by _______ in UK (paracetamol in US)

Aminoglycosides

Halothane - Drug Interaction

• when tou use halothane, DO NOT give ______ to the animal due to muscle contraction

Phenolbarbital

Halothane - Drug Interaction

• do not give ______ and halothane because it causes hepatitis

Sunlight

Halothane - StoragE

• Improper storage may leaad to decomposition by _____

Thymol

Drug companies adds ______ to Halothane to reduce decomposition

Malignant hyperthermia

Halothane causes _______ in

• landrace

• Poland china

• Pietrain

Ketamine

Halothane as inhalant then IV of ____

• the dose of ______ should be lowered bcs halothane increases the half life of ______

Nitrous Oxide

• Only inhalant anesthetic recommended for maintenance of ketamine anesthesia (especially in humans).

• Laughing gas 🤣🤣🤣

Oxygen

Nitrous oxide has affinity with ______

• _____ binding from tissues causes cyanosis

• emphysema

• pneumothorax

• pneumoperitoneum

++cattles

Nitrous oxide is contraindicated in animals with

• ether

• Chloroform

Drugs under minor inhalant anesthetic

Ether

• Oxidizes in

  • air,

  • moisture, and

  • light,

• thus forming peroxides.

aminopyrines

Ether depresses metabolism of ____ in rats

Nausea and vomiting

complication of light etherisation

uridine diphosphoglucoronyl transferase

Ether Inhibit ________,

• an enzyme responsible for transfer glucuronic acid to uridine diphosphoglucuronic acid

Neomycin

_______ (antibiotic, aminoglycosides) should not be given to the patient that is given Ether as anesthetic, such may cause death in human

Pneumonia and other respiratory diseases

Contraindications of Ether

Explosion

Improper storage of ether causes _____

Chloroform

• Used as euthanizinf agent

• Hindi na ginagamit sa practice

• Solvent industry

• Production of antibiotics

• Cleaning agents

Other uses of chloroform

• ethyl chloride

• Carbon dioxide

• Tricaine methane sulfonate

Otherr Inhalant Anesthetic Drugs

Ethyl chloride

Better to be used in industrial companies

Carbon dioxide

• Used as Euthanizing agent in food producing animals especially in slaughterhouses.

• The residue of _______ is easily excreted.

Tricaine Methane Sulfonate

Anesthetic recommended in fishes especially in transporting (long distance).

• enflurane

• Isoflurane

• Sevoflurane

• Aliflurane

New Inhalant Anesthetic Drugs

Enflurane

Side effects of this drug is Convulsant anesthetics (produces seizures) there causes muscle twitching, which could be a treated with

• Thiopental/

• Thiamylal/

• Diazepam.

Neurosurgery

Enflurane should not be used in

Thiamylal and enflurane

_______ decreases body temperature

Isoflurane

• most used in horses

• Triggers malignant hyperthermia in swine

Succinylcholine

Isoflurane enhances the action of

Vapors

gaseous state anesthetics but ambient temperature and pressure is liquid. ex.

• Halothane,

• Isoflurane,

• Desflurane,

• Sevoflurane,

• Methoxyflurane,

• Enflurane.

Gaseous

exist in gaseous form at room temperature and sea level pressure. (ex. Nitrous Oxide)