qualatative Analysis study materials for exam 1

Which of the following represents a criterion-referenced measurement?

Everyone scoring over 75 passes

A researcher believes mint flavoring will have a positive effect on athletic performance as compared top notch consuming mint flavoring.whi h is the dependent variable?

Athletic performance

What does setting the alpha level at 0.05 indicate?

There is a 5% risk of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true.

&

When alpha level is set at 0.05 the corresponding confidence level is 95%

Which of the following best describes descriptive statistics?

The statistical method used to summarize, organize and simplify data.

What is the main purpose of invention statistics?

To make generalizations about a population based on a sample.

Which of the following best describes the purpose of calculating the error (E) in predictive models?

To identify how accurately the model predicts actual outcomes

What is the primary goal of regression?

To find the regression equation of a straight line that best fits the data.

What does the error term (E) in the predictive equation re present?

The difference between the predicted and actual values of Y.

What does the slope (b) in regression equation indicate?

The change in Y when X changes by one unit

When examining the assumptions of Pearson”s coorlation , which graph is most appropriate for assessing the linear relationship between two continuous variables?

Scatter Plot

Which of the following correlations display the strongest relationship?

-0.90

What does setting alpha level at 0.05 indicate?

There is a 5% chance of rejecting the null hypothesis

&

When the alpha level is set at 0.05, the corresponding confidence level is 95%

What will the coorlation be between X and Y values of X tend to increase as their paired values of Y tend to decrease?

Negative relationship

What is the main purpose of inferential statistics?

To make generalizations about a population based on a sample

A researcher measures participants resting heart rate before and after an 8 week exercise program. Which statistical test is most appropriate for comparing the two measurements?

Paired sample T-Test

Which of the following situations is most appropriate for a paired sample T-test?

Comparing blood pressure before and after exercise in the same participants

A researcher uses a parked same t-test to compare pre- and post- exercise VO2 max in 20 participants. What is the degree of freedom for this test?

19

In SPSS a researcher defines a paired comparison as Post-test -Pre test. The mean difference is +4.2. What does this indicate?

The post scores were 4.2units higher than the pre test scores

A paired sample t-test produces t(24)=26.455 tons 2.51, p= .019 . Using an alpha level of 0.05, what should the researcher conclude?

There is a statistical significance difference between the two measurements.

What does t-statistic generally represent?

The mean difference relative to the variability in the data.

As the degrees of freedom increase, the t-distribution:

Approaches the normal distribution

A paired-sample t-test reports a 95% confidence interval for the mean difference of [lower 1.20, upper 5.60] which statement is correct?

The difference is statistically significant because the interval does not include zero.

A researcher wants to determine weather the average exam score differs between students who participated in an exercise program and students who did not participate. The two groups consist of different students. Which test should be used?

Independent two-sample t-test

A researcher wants to use a two-tailed hypothesis test to examine the effect of an exercise program on muscular strength. Which word would be most appropriate to complete the alternative hypothesis below?

Differ

What is a test?

An instrument or tool

What is the relationship between a variable and it attributes?

Attributes are the different categories or options within a variable.

Imagine you have participated in a study measuring cardiovascular fitness based on VO2 max scores. If it is reported that your percentile rank is 26%, which of the following statements best describes your performance compared to the rest of the participants?

You scored equal to or better than 26% of the participants

Which of the following is not related to evaluation?

A computer technology tool

If data is ranked with a meaningful order but differences between ranks are not equal, which scale of measurement is being used?

Ordinal

If p=0.03 < 0.05

Reject the null. There is significant evidence that the new method improves scores. Supporting the alternative.

If p= 0.18 > 0.05

Fail to reject the null. (There does not prove the method has no effect - meaning the data wasn’t strong enough to detect one.