Anterior Pituitary Hormones

What are the hormones of the anterior pituitary?

growth hormone, thryoid-stimulating hormone, adrenocoritotropic homrnone, follicle-stimulating hormone, lutenizing hormone, prolactin

What are growth hormones direct actions on metabolism

Decreases the rate of cellular glucose uptake and metabolism (anti-insulin effects) and triggers breakdown of glycogen into glucose. More glucose in the blood = more energy

Puberty can be associated with which hormone

Growth hormone

How does GH indirectly act on growth

GH triggers liver, skeletal muscles, and bone to produce insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)

What role to IGFs play

They stimulate cellular uptake of nutrients which leads to synthesizing of DNA and proteins for cell division. It also helps with the formation of collagen and deposition of the bone matrix

Growth hormone stimulates most cells to enlarge and divide, ,but major targets are

Bone and skeletal muscles

What's is regulated by hypothalami's hormones of somatotropic cells

Growth hormone secretion

What is triggered by low blood growth hormone levels, low glucose, or high amino acid levels

Growth hormone releasing hormone (negative feedback loop)

What triggers the release of growth hormone inhibiting hormone

An increase in GH or IGF levels

What is ghrelin

hunger hormone; stimulates GH release

What does hyper secretion of GH cause

Children - gigantism

Adults - Acromegaly (overgrowth of hands, feet, and face

What does hyposecretion of growth hormone cause

pituitary dwarfism in children

What hormone is produced by thyrotropic cells

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

What does the TSH stimulate

normal development and secretory activity of thyroid

What causes TSH to be released

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) from the hypothalamus

What inhibits the release of Thyroid stimulating hormone

rising blood levels of thyroid hormones or growth hormone inhibiting hormone

What cells does the thyroid hormone effect

All

Does the thyroid stimulate hormone act on a negative or positive feedback loop

Negative

What hormone is secreted by corticotropic cells

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

What does ACTH do

Stimulates adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids (stress)

How is the ACTH regulated

It is triggers by hypothalmic corticotropin-releasing hormone in daily rhythm, It peaks in the morning. Fever, hypoglycemia, and stressors impact release

What hormones are secreted by gonadotrpic cells

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and lutenizing hormone (LH)

What hormone promotes the production of gamete's

follicle stimulate hormone

What hormone promotes the production of gonadal hormones

luteinizing hormone (LH)

Males - testosterone

Females - triggers ovulation and estrogen release

When are LH and FSH present in the body

After puberty

What hormone is secreted by prolactin cells

Prolactin (PRL)

What does prolactin do

stimulates milk production

What regulates milk production

Prolactin-inhibiting hormone (dopamine)

Why do breast swell during cycles

Increase in estrogen and an increase in prolactin