Studied by 4 people
Where is ADH produced?
hypothalamus (sent to posterior pituitary gland)
What does ADH target?
kidneys, blood vessels, and intestines
What is the cause of ADH production?
dehydration and increase in blood osmolarity
Effect of ADH on body
water retention and vasoconstriction
Where is aldosterone produced?
adrenal cortex
What does aldosterone target?
kidneys and sweat glands
Cause of aldosterone production
decrease in blood volume & decrease in Na+ or increase in K+ in blood plasma
Effect of aldosterone on body
increase water and Na+ retention; increase in K+ excretion; regulates blood volume and pressure
Where is calcitonin produced?
thyroid gland
What does calcitonin target
bones and kidneys
What is the cause of calcitonin production
high [blood calcium]
Calcitonin effect on body
decreases calcium in blood (osteoblast)
Where is cortisol produced
adrenal cortex
What does cortisol target
all cells
What is the cause of cortisol production
hormonal (ACTH)
Cortisol effect on body
regulates glucose metabolism and primary stress hormone; increase glucose formation from glycogen in liver; increase gluconeogenesis from fats and proteins
Where is epinephrine produced?
adrenal medulla
What does epinephrine target
all cells (especially blood vessels and heart)
What is the cause of epinephrine production
neural (associated with fight or flight)
Epinephrine effect on body
increase heart rate, strength, and blood pressure; increase glycogen and fat catabolism for E
Where is erythropoietin produced?
kidneys and liver
What does erythropoietin target
bone marrow
Cause of erythropoietin production
low [blood oxygen]
Erythropoietin effect on body
increase [blood oxygen] because of increase erythrocytes
Where is estrogen produced?
ovary, testes, placenta, adrenal cortex
Where does estrogen target
ovary, uterus, mammary gland
Cause of estrogen production
puberty and pregnancy
Effects of estrogen on body
secondary sex characteristics; pregnancy preparation and continuation; accumulation of fat
Where is FSH produced?
anterior pituitary gland
What does FSH target?
ovaries and testes
What is the cause FSH production
GnRH
Effect of FSH on the body
males- stimulates sperm production; females- stimulates ovarian follicle maturation and estrogen
Where is gastrin produced?
stomach
What does gastrin target
chief and parietal cells in the stomach
Cause of gastrin production
food reaching the stomach
Effect of gastrin on body
chief- secrete HCl; parietal- helps with digestion
Where is glucagon produced?
pancreas (alpha cells)
What does glucagon target
liver and adipose tissue
Cause of glucagon production
low blood glucose levels
Effect of glucagon on body
increase blood sugar level
Where is GnRH produced?
hypothalamus
What does GnRH target
anterior pituitary gland
Where is insulin produced?
pancreas (beta cells)
Where does insulin target
most cells
Whats the cause of insulin production
high blood glucose levels
Insulin effect on body
decrease blood sugar levels
Where is LH produced?
anterior pituitary gland
Where does LH target?
ovaries and testes
Effect of LH on body
males- stimulates hormone productiuon; females- triggers ovulation and stimulates ovarian production of estrogen and progesterone
Cause of LH production
GnRH
Where is melatonin produced?
pineal gland
Where does melatonin target?
hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland
What causes production of melatonin
light/dark cycle, mood, puberty timing
Effect of melatonin on body
sleep/wake cycles, preproduction patterns and development
Where is Norepinephrine produced?
adrenal medulla
Where does norepinephrine target
all cells (especially heart and blood vessels)
Cause of norepinephrine production
neural (assosciated with fight or flight)
effect of norepinephrine
increase heart rate, strength, and blood pressure; increase glycogen and fat catabolism for E
Differences between epinephrine and norepinephrine
different structure= binds to different receptors; epi secretion- by adrenal only; norepi secretion- adrenal and brain neurons
Where is oxytocin produced?
Hypothalamus (stored in posterior pituitary)
Where does oxytocin target
uterus, mammary glands, and male reproductive tract
Cause of oxytocin production
neural
Effect of oxytocin on body
smooth muscle contraction in body; milk release/ejection; uterine contraction; ejaculation
Where is PTH produced?
parathyroid gland
Where does PTH target
bones and kidneys
Cause of PTH production
low [blood calcium]
Effect of PTH on body
increase calcium in blood (osteoclast)
Where is secretin produced?
small intestine (duodenum)
What does secretin target
pancreas, stomach, and liver
What causes the production of secretin
active chyme (food)
Effect of secretin on the body
pancreas sends out digestive juice rich in bicarbonate; inhibits gastric production in stomach; stimulates liver to produce bile; overall regulate pH within duodenum
Where is testosterone produced?
testes, ovaries, and adrenal glands
Where does testosterone target?
prostate, seminal vesicle, and bones
Cause of testosterone production
mainly puberty
Effect of testosterone on body
secondary sex characteristics, spermatogenesis, bone muscle health
Where is TH produced?
thyroid gland
Where is TRH produced?
hypothalamus
Where is TSH produced?
anterior pituitary gland
TRH, TSH, TH
TRH (low TH levels(hypothalamus)) ---> TSH (APG)------> TH (thyroid)
TH effect on body
increase ATP & enzyme heat production; increase muscle and bone development
Note
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