aristotle & plato exam

phil 1000

Both define a human as

soul and body

For Aristotle, soul =

form

For Aristotle, body =

matter

For Aristotle, form and matter =

substance

For Aristotle, can soul and body be separated?

no

For Aristotle, how does knowledge begin

Senses and experience

Logos

Order, explanation

Kosmos

Ordered universe

Aristotle’s four causes

material, formal, efficient, final (mfef)

Aristotle’s physics

motion requires an unmoved mover

Aristotle’s poltics

City and individual should live well/ be happy, virtue is central

For Plato, is soul or body more important?

Soul

For Plato, when does the soul die?

It is immortal & reincarnated

For Plato, can soul and body be separated?

yes

For Plato, what are forms

eternal essences

For Plato, can forms exist beyond the physical world?

yes

For Plato, what is knowledge?

Knowledge of the forms

For Plato, what is learning?

Recollection

What does Plato think of the senses?

They are deceiving and not how you gain knowledge

Plato’s three parts of the soul

Philosophic, honor loving, appetitive

Main difference

Plato looks upward toward eternal Forms. Aristotle looks at the world and tries to understand its structure.

Ideal person for Plato

Focuses on soul rather than bodily desires, philosopher and recollects

Ideal person for Aristotle

Happy and flourishing from virtue, goods of the soul

Short answer structure

thesis, evidence, analysis