cues

4-Step ABG Interpretation Method

Step 1: Look at pH — acidotic or alkalotic?

4-Step ABG Interpretation Method

Step 2: Look at PaCO2 — does it explain the pH (opposite direction)? If yes → respiratory

4-Step ABG Interpretation Method

Step 3: If not, look at HCO3- — does it move the same direction as pH? → metabolic

4-Step ABG Interpretation Method

Step 4: Check if the OTHER value has shifted toward normal → that system is compensating

Rapid Recall — Unit 4 Exam Cues - Kussmaul respirations

(deep, rapid breathing)

Rapid Recall — Unit 4 Exam Cues - Kussmaul respirations

are strongly associated with DKA

Rapid Recall — Unit 4 Exam Cues - Hyperventilation

blows off CO2 → respiratory ALKALOSIS (not acidosis) — a very common exam trap

Rapid Recall — Unit 4 Exam Cues - Hypoventilation

(e.g., opioid overdose, COPD) → CO2 builds up → respiratory ACIDOSIS

Rapid Recall — Unit 4 Exam Cues - Vomiting/NG suction

loses stomach acid (HCl) → metabolic ALKALOSIS

Rapid Recall — Unit 4 Exam Cues - Vomiting/NG suction

Also causes hypochloremia and hypokalemia

Rapid Recall — Unit 4 Exam Cues - Diarrhea

loses bicarbonate-rich intestinal fluid → metabolic ACIDOSIS