Exan 2 Review

Glucagon can be broken down by the liver to maintain a constant blood glucose level when carbohydrates intake is inadequate.

False

People with hypoglycemia should eat several snacks throughout the day that are high in complex carbohydrates and lean protein.

True

Carbohydrates absorption, as well as most carbohydrate digestion, takes place in the small intestine.

True

Complex carbohydrates are derived exclusively from plants.

True

Babies develop the ability to digest lactose when they are about six to nine months old.

False

Foods rich in complex carbohydrates should be avoided when trying to lose weight.

False

Fat is used efficiently as fuel by the brain and nerves.

False

The protein in a meal stimulates glucagon secretion, which opposes insulin and prevents it from storing glucose.

True

Insoluble fibers help to lower blood cholesterol levels.

True

Adding foods sweetened with sugar substitutes to the diet will ensure successful weight loss.

False

The primary role of carbohydrates in the diet is to provide quick energy.

True

What is the source of stevia?

A derivative of a plant native to Brazil and Paraguay

Which of the following is a disaccharide?

Maltose

In general, changing one's diet by substituting complex carbohydrates in place of refined foods with adde agars typically results in a diet that is _________.

higher in fiber

What is the major storage form of carbohydrate in the body?

Glycogen

High intakes of the sugar alternatives sorbitol and mannitol can result in ________.

diarrhea

What is the unusable, or inedible, part of a wheat kernel that provides a protective coating around the kernel?

Husk

All of the following are health benefits associated with intake of insoluble fiber except ______.

slows glucose absorption

Maggie is shopping for a loaf of bread and takes time to review the terms on the label. Which term describes bread that is made using the most nutritious flour?

Whole grain

Sam has been overweight since the eighth grade and is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at his annual checkup. He tells his fiancée, Anna, who is now determined to learn as much as possible about this illness. Sam and Anna have found several reputable sites on the Internet in an attempt to help Sam reverse his condition. Let's ask several questions to see how much they have learned.

Anna is still confused about the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Which statement is characteristic of type 1 diabetes only?

Treatment always involves insulin injections

Which statement is correct concerning type 2 diabetes?

Generally insulin injections are not required.

The greatest single source of added sugars in the American diet is _________.

regular soft drinks

Which carbohydrate type is mismatched with a major food source for that type?

starch—strawberries

Ketone bodies are produced from the incomplete breakdown of ______ when _____ is unavailable for the brain and nerve cells.

fat; glucose

Martha tries to avoid sugar because she believes it is responsible for making her overweight, giving her husband diabetes, and causing hyperactivity in her grandchildren. What condition has verifiably been linked to sugar by research studies?

Tooth decay

What type of nutrient is starch?

Complex carbohydrate

If Steven needs 2400 cal per day to maintain his weight, what is the recommended maximum upper limit of added sugars he should consume each day?

240 calories

What is the condition in which the body is unable or has difficulty digesting dairy products?

Lactose intolerance

What is another name for high blood glucose?

Hyperglycemia

Which hormone raises levels of glucose in the blood by signaling to the liver to break down glycogen stores

Glucagon

When two glucose units are bonded together they form ______.

maltose

To feel energetic and alert throughout the day an individual should _____.

make an effort to eat, so ask to maintain blood glucose levels within the normal range

Which component gives fruits, their naturally sweet taste?

Fructose

From a health perspective, fruits are better sources of sucrose and fructose then tablespoon sugar because they ________.

also provide fiber, vitamins, and minerals

Many nutrition professionals, recommend emphasizing “good carbohydrates” in the diet. What does this mean?

Choosing foods high fiber but low in added sugars

Jazmin is too busy for lunch and needs a pick-me-up to help her remain alert during her two afternoon classes. Which snack would you recommend?

Fresh peach with low-fat Greek yogurt and rolled oat granola

Sabrina is concerned about her children’s teeth after their first dental check ups. Her two-year-old already has a cavity in her four-year-old needs to brush better. What else should Sabrina’s children due to prevent tooth decay?

Rinse their mouth with water after eating

Food with a low glycemic index number are digested slowly which may increase _______.

satiety

Sucrose is composed of ______.

one glucose and one fructose unit

Sam has been overweight since the eighth grade and is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at his annual checkup. He tells his fiancée, Anna, who is now determined to learn as much as possible about this illness. Sam and Anna have found several reputable sites on the Internet in an attempt to help Sam reverse his condition. Let's ask several questions to see how much they have learned.

What problem is most responsible for Sam’s type 2 diabetes?

The cells in Sam’s body do not respond to insulin secreted by his pancreas

Jack decides to purchase waffle #1, and eats three of the waffles for breakfast. Approximately, what amount of total fat and total carbohydrates did the waffles contribute to his meal?

8 g fat and 46 g carbohydrates

What term in the ingredient list indicates added sugars in the product?

Fruit juice concentrate

How does a balance meal help keep blood glucose from rising or dropping too quickly?

Soluble fiber slow down the rate of digestion, so a steady stream of glucose is received

When milling whole wheat flour, what components of the wheat kernel are retained?

The endosperm, germ, and bran

The ______ regulates the amount of glucose circulating in the body by either synthesizing glycogen or breaking down glycogen.

liver

You and your friend Karen are having lunch out and you order an iced tea. Karen sees you reach for the pink packet of Sweet 'N Low, stops your hand, and says, "Don't you know that stuff is bad for you? I read that it causes cancer, and I also know people who say that Equal, another nonnutritive sweetener, gives them headaches." As your conversation continues, let's show Karen how well informed you are concerning nonnutritive sweeteners by answering the following questions:

Although some studies in the past may have found that saccharin can cause bladder cancer in lab rats, why would it be considered safe today to continue using it?

The research used extremely high doses of saccharin that are not relevant for humans

According to the Dietary Guidelines, what is the minimum amount of whole-grains that should be consumed if an individuals recommended grade intake each day is 6 ounces?

3 ounces

Eunice is a 60-year-old woman who is trying to increase the amount of fiber in her diet in order to meet the dietary guidelines. What would be best for her to make?

Eat air-popped popcorn in place of chips for an evening snack

Eunice is a 60-year-old woman who is trying to increase the amount of fiber in her diet in order to meet the dietary guidelines. What would be best for her to make?

Eat air-popped popcorn in place of chips for an evening snack

The only animal-derived food that contains significant amounts of carbohydrates is ______.

milk

You and your friend Karen are having lunch out and you order an iced tea. Karen sees you reach for the pink packet of Sweet 'N Low, stops your hand, and says, "Don't you know that stuff is bad for you? I read that it causes cancer, and I also know people who say that Equal, another nonnutritive sweetener, gives them headaches." As your conversation continues, let's show Karen how well informed you are concerning nonnutritive sweeteners by answering the following questions:

The chemical name for the non-nutritive sweetener in the pink packet is ______, which the chemical name for the non-nutritive sweetener in the blue packet is ________.

saccharin; aspartame

Eating too many foods added sugars, usually means getting too many ______.

empty calories

Diverticulosis is closely associated with a lack of ______ in the diet.

fiber

Jack is trying to choose foods that contain whole grains. Which whole grain ingredient is present in waffle #1 that is not found in waffle #2?

Whole wheat flour

Individuals who consume diet, rich, and whole grains, have improved insulin and sensitivity and are ________.

less likely to develop metabolic syndrome

Which product is a rich source of starch?

Beans

Complex carbohydrates are found primarily _______.

grains and vegetables

What factor placed the greatest role in the increase of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescence?

Children and adolescence are becoming obese at an earlier age

What factor placed the greatest role in the increase of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescence?

Children and adolescence are becoming obese at an earlier age

You and your friend Karen are having lunch out and you order an iced tea. Karen sees you reach for the pink packet of Sweet 'N Low, stops your hand, and says, "Don't you know that stuff is bad for you? I read that it causes cancer, and I also know people who say that Equal, another nonnutritive sweetener, gives them headaches." As your conversation continues, let's show Karen how well informed you are concerning nonnutritive sweeteners by answering the following questions:

Which non-nutritive sweetener should be entirely avoided by individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU)?

Aspartame

If a person uses up his or her reserve supply of glycogen and still does not eat, the body will breakdown ______ to provide glucose for the brain.

muscle

You and your friend Karen are having lunch out and you order an iced tea. Karen sees you reach for the pink packet of Sweet 'N Low, stops your hand, and says, "Don't you know that stuff is bad for you? I read that it causes cancer, and I also know people who say that Equal, another nonnutritive sweetener, gives them headaches." As your conversation continues, let's show Karen how well informed you are concerning nonnutritive sweeteners by answering the following questions:

Neotame is a directive of which two amino acids?

Aspartic acid and phenylalanine

A general principle that can help in choosing carbohydrates (and foods in general) is to choose foods that are ________.

whole-food and plant-based

Which statement is true about hypoglycemia?

It is aggravated by high-sugar foods

Sam is interested in eating more whole grains. Which lunch option should he avoid because it lacks a whole grain component?

Eating a low-fat apple bran muffin for dessert

Sam has been overweight since the eighth grade and is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at his annual checkup. He tells his fiancée, Anna, who is now determined to learn as much as possible about this illness. Sam and Anna have found several reputable sites on the Internet in an attempt to help Sam reverse his condition. Let's ask several questions to see how much they have learned.

Which of the following is not usually a recommendation for someone with Sam’s condition?

Follow a high-protein diet

The ______ secretes glucagon and insulin in response to changing blood glucose levels.

pancreas

Fletcher’s dietary analysis reveals that he is driving 30% of calories from simple sugars, and he decides to try to cut back. Which item from his food record should Fletcher omit?

32 fluid oz root beer

A refined grain product that is enriched is still lacking some ______ that was lost during processing.

fiber

When a person is hungry and needs to replenish blood glucose, she/he should eat ______.

carbohydrates, protein, and fats

Sam has been overweight since the eighth grade and is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at his annual checkup. He tells his fiancée, Anna, who is now determined to learn as much as possible about this illness. Sam and Anna have found several reputable sites on the Internet in an attempt to help Sam reverse his condition. Let's ask several questions to see how much they have learned.

Which strategy will help sam manage his diabetes?

Eating a healthful diet

Lecithin is often used as a food addictive to keep the fats evenly dispersed with the other ingredients.

True

Cholesterol is found in both plant and animal foods.

False

The Mediterranean diet provides about 20 to 25 percent of calories from fat.

False

Vitamin C and vitamin E are natural antioxidants that may be added to foods to increase shelf life.

True

Moderate drinking, defined as no more than one drink a day for most women, and no more than two drinks a day for most men, is associated with higher HDL levels.

True

Palm and coconut oils are examples of polyunsaturated fats.

False

Foam cells play an important role in preventing heart disease progression.

False

Lecithin it’s a major constituent of cell membranes.

True

The body has a limited capacity to store fat.

False

Flaxseed is rich in omega-3 fatty acids

True

Regular physical activity is associated with lower high density lipoprotein (HDL)levels.

False

Based on a 2,000-calorie diet, the DV for saturated fat is 10 grams.

False

Prior to menopause, estrogen may protect women from cardiovascular disease.

True

Long-chain fatty acids are water soluble and travel freely in blood and lymph.

False

The type of fat consume is more important than the amount of fat consume.

True

Unsaturated fats are more prone to going rancid than saturated fats due to the “weak spots” in the unsaturated fatty acid.

True

Low concentrations of low-density lipoproteins are associated with high risk of heart attack.

False

All food fats contain a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.

True

Linolenic acid is one of the fatty acids synthesize by the human body.

False

Fat in a meal increases the rate that the stomach empties which helps provide satiety.

False

Phytosterols are phytochemicals that block the absorption of dietary cholesterol from the intestine.

True

To lower black cholesterol, an atherogenic diet plan advocates, keeping saturated fat to less then 5 to 6 percent of daily calories.

True

The health benefits of olive oil are primarily due to its lower calorie content than other oils

False

Eating more fiber promotes fat and cholesterol excretion.

True

The Dietary Guidelines for saturated fat are the same for children age 2 years and older as they are for adults.

True

Incorporating some fat in one’s diet is essential to maintaining good health.

True

Linoleic and linolenic acids are mono saturated fatty acids that are essential in the diet.

False

A high-fiber diet is typically high in dietary cholesterol.

False

Some studies show that garlic may reduce blood pressure.

True