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What are the two major types of compounds discussed in this chapter?

Ionic compounds and covalent or molecular compounds.

How are ionic compounds formed?

By transferring electrons from one atom to another.

How are covalent compounds formed?

By sharing electrons between atoms.

What is another name for a covalent compound?

A molecular compound.

What is a chemical bond?

A force that holds atoms together in a compound.

What is an ion?

A charged particle formed when an atom or group of atoms gains or loses one or more electrons.

What is a cation?

A positively charged ion.

How does a metal atom usually become a cation?

By losing one or more electrons.

What is an anion?

A negatively charged ion.

How does a nonmetal atom usually become an anion?

By gaining one or more electrons.

What is a binary ionic compound?

An ionic compound made from ions of two elements.

What two types of ions are present in a binary ionic compound?

A cation and an anion.

What force holds the ions in an ionic compound together?

Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

What types of elements usually make up a molecular compound?

Two or more nonmetals.

What is the overall charge of a molecular compound?

Zero.

Do molecular compounds exist as lattices or discrete units?

Discrete units or molecules.

Is KCl ionic or molecular?

Ionic.

Is CO2 ionic or molecular?

Molecular or covalent.

Is CaO ionic or molecular?

Ionic.

Is CCl4 ionic or molecular?

Molecular or covalent.

Is CaF2 ionic or molecular?

Ionic.

Is SF6 ionic or molecular?

Molecular or covalent.

Is CuCO3 ionic or molecular?

Ionic.

Is H2O ionic or molecular?

Molecular or covalent.

What is an electrolyte?

A substance that forms ions when dissolved in water and can conduct electricity.

What is dissociation?

The separation of a compound into ions when it dissolves in water.

What is ionization?

The formation of ions in solution.

Why can an electrolyte conduct electricity?

Because it contains mobile charged ions.

What is a nonelectrolyte?

A substance that does not form ions in water and does not conduct electricity.

What is a strong electrolyte?

An electrolyte that separates essentially completely into ions in water.

What is a weak electrolyte?

An electrolyte that forms relatively few ions and remains partly intact in water.

What happens when NaCl dissolves in water?

It dissociates completely into Na+ and Cl- ions.

Write the dissociation equation for sodium chloride.

NaCl(s) → Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq).

Do most molecular substances dissociate into ions when dissolved in water?

No. Most remain as intact molecules.

What happens to O2 when it dissolves in water?

The O2 molecules remain intact rather than dissociating into ions.

What happens to CH3OH when it dissolves in water?

The CH3OH molecules remain intact rather than dissociating into ions.

What type of structure helps give ionic compounds high melting points?

A crystal lattice held together by strong electrostatic forces.

Are ionic compounds generally high or low density density, boiling points, and melting points? Are they softer or harder?

Relatively high density. High boiling point. High melting point. Hard and brittle.

When can an ionic compound conduct electricity effectively?

When its ions are mobile, such as when molten or dissolved in water.

Do molecular compounds generally have high or low density, boiling points, and melting points? Are they softer or harder?

Relatively low density. Low boiling points. Low melting points. Generally softer.

How is electrical conductivity of pure molecular compounds generally described?

Poor.

What is nomenclature?

A system of naming chemical substances.

What is a monatomic ion?

An ion consisting of a single atom.

How is the charge of a monatomic ion written?

As a superscript at the upper right of the elemental symbol.

How should a magnesium ion be written?

Mg^2+.

How should a sulfide ion be written?

S^2-.

How are monatomic metal cations generally named?

Use the name of the metal followed by the word ion.

How are monatomic nonmetal anions generally named?

Use the root of the element name followed by -ide.

What is the formula for the hydrogen ion?

H+.

What is H+ called?

Hydrogen ion.

What is the formula for the lithium ion?

Li+.

What is Li+ called?

Lithium ion.

What is the formula for the sodium ion?

Na+.

What is Na+ called?

Sodium ion.

What is the formula for the potassium ion?

K+.

What is K+ called?

Potassium ion.

What is the formula for the rubidium ion?

Rb+.

What is Rb+ called?

Rubidium ion.

What is the formula for the cesium ion?

Cs+.

What is Cs+ called?

Cesium ion.

What is the formula for the silver ion?

Ag+.

What is Ag+ called?

Silver ion.

What is the formula for the magnesium ion?

Mg^2+.

What is Mg^2+ called?

Magnesium ion.

What is the formula for the calcium ion?

Ca^2+.

What is Ca^2+ called?

Calcium ion.

What is the formula for the strontium ion?

Sr^2+.

What is Sr^2+ called?

Strontium ion.

What is the formula for the barium ion?

Ba^2+.

What is Ba^2+ called?

Barium ion.

What is the formula for the zinc ion?

Zn^2+.

What is Zn^2+ called?

Zinc ion.

What is the formula for the cadmium ion?

Cd^2+.

What is Cd^2+ called?

Cadmium ion.

What is the formula for the aluminum ion?

Al^3+.

What is Al^3+ called?

Aluminum ion.

What is the formula for hydride?

H-.

What is H- called?

Hydride.

What is the formula for fluoride?

F-.

What is F- called?

Fluoride.

What is the formula for chloride?

Cl-.

What is Cl- called?

Chloride.

What is the formula for bromide?

Br-.

What is Br- called?

Bromide.

What is the formula for iodide?

I-.

What is I- called?

Iodide.

What is the formula for oxide?

O^2-.

What is O^2- called?

Oxide.

What is the formula for sulfide?

S^2-.

What is S^2- called?

Sulfide.

What is the formula for nitride?

N^3-.

What is N^3- called?

Nitride.

What charge does barium normally form?

2+.

What ion does barium form?

Ba^2+, the barium ion.

What charge does bromine normally form as a monatomic ion?

1-.

What ion does bromine form?

Br-, bromide.

What is a polyatomic ion?

A group of atoms that acts as one charged unit and has an overall net charge.

What does the prefix poly- mean?

Many.

Do the atoms in a polyatomic ion separate when the ion is used in a chemical formula?

No. The polyatomic ion stays together as a charged unit.

Are most polyatomic ions cations or anions?

Anions.