Chemistry test 1

Pure Substance

Matter that is chemically identical throughout all or any part of it.

Solution

A mixture that is dissolved, always evenly mixed, and appears the same throughout.

Heterogeneous Mixture

A mixture in which visual inspection reveals that individual pieces and particles within are clearly different from each other.

Proton

A subatomic particle with a positive charge located inside the nucleus.

Neutron

An atom with a neutral charge located in the nucleus

Elements

Pure substances consisting of a single type of an atom that have a chemical symbol, that can’t be broken down into another substance by chemical or physical means

Solid

A state of matter whose shape and volume is definite and doesn't change.

Crystalline Solid

A type of solid made up of crystals that has a specific melting temperature, with examples including quartz, snow, salt, and sugar.

Amorphous Solid

A type of solid whose particles are not arranged in a pattern and whose melting temperature is not distinct, with examples including butter, glass, plastic, and rubber.

Liquid

A state of matter that has no definite shape but does have a definite volume, taking the shape of its container.

Surface Tension

The property of liquid that is the result of an inward pull among the molecules of a liquid that brings the molecules on the surface closer together (ex:insect walking on water)

Viscosity

A liquid’s resistance to flowing (ex:honey vs water).

Gas

A state of matter that has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume.

Solid Particle Motion

The state of matter where particles are packed tightly together and vibrate in place.

Liquid Particle Motion

The state of matter where particles are packed closely together but can move around freely.

Gas Particle Motion

The state of matter where particles aren't packed together, instead fill all spae around it.

Boiling point

The temperature at which a liquid boils.

Melting point

The point at which particles move so fast that they break free from their fixed pattern positions.

Sublimation

The process when the particles of a solid gain so much energy that they transform directly into a gas.

Vaporization

The change of state where liquid water changes into water vapor.

Physical Change

A change in which a substance changes form, but it remains the same substance.

Chemical Change

A change in which a new substance is produced.

Endothermic Change

A change in which energy is taken in.

Exothermic Change

A change in which energy is released.

Chemistry

The study of the properties of matter and how matter changes.

Physical property

A trait or characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance.

Chemical property

A trait of a pure substance that describes its ability to change into a new substance or show what substances it can change into.

Atom

The main particle that elements are made from.

Molecule

A particle formed when two or more atoms combine and are held together by chemical bonds.

Compound

A pure substance with multiple elements combined chemically in a specific ratio.

Mixture

Made of two or more substances (elements or compounds) that are not combined chemically in a set ratio.

Chemical bond

The force of attraction between two atoms.

Chemical formula

A formula that tells the elements and ratio of atoms in a compound.

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

Substance

A single kind of matter that is pure.

Homogeneous mixture

A type of mixture so evenly mixed that you can’t see the different parts

Examples for a chemical change

Bubbles, new color, new texture, new smell, gives off or takes in energy

Examples of elements

-aluminum

-copper

-zinc

-hydrogen

-oxygen

-gold

Examples of mixtures

-salt/sugar water

-soil

-beach sand

-salad

-air

Examples of compounds

-water

-ice

-sugar

-salt

What is the atomic number, chemical symbol, element name, and atomic mass??

Atomic number

Number of protons in the nucleus of every atom in an element

Mass number

The sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

5 states of matter:

-freezing

-melting

-sublimation

-vaporization (evaporation and boiling)

-condensation