US Hist. - Chapter 13

Stephen Douglas’s motivation for introducing the Kansas-Nebraska Act was to…

boost efforts to build a trans-continental railroad

American settlement of Oregon began well before the United States and Great Britain divided the territory at the forty-ninth parallel. (T/F)

True

On matters related to citizenship, the U.S. Supreme Court declared in Dred Scott that…

only white persons could be U.S. citizens

The Ostend Manifesto called for the United States to do what?

seize Cuba

What role did attitudes toward race have in the territory acquired from the Mexican War?

Only people classified as whites gained full rights

Which event sparked Abraham Lincoln’s reentry into politics?

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Republicans…

opposed the expansion of slavery

Between 1840 and 1845, how did most emigrants travel to new lands in Oregon?

used wagon trains

The Republican free labor ideology…

suggested that free labor and slave labor were essentially incompatible.

Who questioned President Polk’s right to declare war by introducing a resolution to Congress requesting that the president specify the precise spot where blood had first been shed?

Abraham Lincoln

The Democratic Party split in 1860 over the question of whether to…

protect slavery in the territories or allow slavery in them

Irish immigrant men in the 1850s…

pushed free blacks out of low wage jobs.

The controversy over the arrest of escaped enslaved people in the North shows…

the unpopularity of the Fugitive Slave Act in parts of the North.

The California gold rush created a population that…

had many more men than women.

“Popular sovereignty” is the term used to refer to the system in which…

the status of slavery would be determined by the votes of local settlers.

Which statement is true regarding free labor ideology?

According to free labor ideology, slavery must be kept out of the territories so that free laborers could move up to the status of landowning farmers and independent craftsmen

How did John Brown differ from other abolitionists such as William Lloyd Garrison?

He was willing to take violent action to end slavery.

Control over valuable trading ports on the West Coast created a trading boom with the Far East following what event?

The Mexican War

In 1844, Henry Clay and the Whigs believed that economic prosperity and national unity would emerge by…

enacting a protective tariff

Prior to becoming president in 1857, James Buchanan did not have much political experience. (True/False)

False

The Republican Party founded in the 1850s strongly endorsed the same policy about slavery in the territories that ________ had begun advocating in 1846…

David Wilmot

What effect did the establishment of an extensive railway system have on the American economy?

It created economic connections between the Northwest and the Northeast.

Which proposed resolution, supported by the North and opposed by the South, attempted to ban slavery in all territory gained from Mexico?

the Wilmot Proviso

The Free Soil Party…

demonstrated that antislavery sentiment had spread far beyond the abolitionist ranks.

Why did the southern states secede from the Union and form the Confederacy?

 

They wanted to preserve slavery.

The caning of Charles Sumner by Preston Brooks…

actually helped the new Republican Party.

The Lecompton Constitution was the…

proslavery constitution proposed for Kansas

The Ostend Manifesto suggested seizing all of Mexico, rather than just the Mexican Cession, during the Mexican War.

False (it permits seizing Cuba)

The free labor ideology assumed that free labor could not compete with slave labor and so slavery’s expansion had to be halted to ensure freedom for the white laborer.

True

As part of the violence in “Bleeding Kansas,” a proslavery mob attacked which free-soil city in May 1856, destroying public buildings and pillaging private homes?

Lawrence

Which famous Civil War general later described the Mexican War as “one of the most unjust ever waged by a stronger nation against a weaker nation”?

Ulyssys S Grant

Which American naval officer negotiated a treaty that opened two Japanese ports to U.S. ships in 1854?

Matthew Perry

What role did women NOT play in western mining communities?

They mined gold alongside the men

In 1846, Congressman David Wilmot proposed to…

prohibit slavery from all territory acquired from Mexico.

What was a key provision of the Compromise of 1850?

The New Mexico and Utah Territories would use popular sovereignty to decide on slavery.

Which did Southern leaders hope to gain by making the Texas territory part of the United States?

The territory could potentially be turned into several slave states.

Why were the Know-Nothings unable to curb the political influence of Irish immigrants?

Voting rights were being determined by race.

John C. Fremont was the presidential candidate for what party in 1856?

Republican Party

Who wrote “On Civil Disobedience” as a response to the U.S. war with Mexico?

Henry David Thoreau

What enabled the Californios to establish large cattle ranches in California?

the dissolution of mission landholdings by the Mexican government

Which was a result of the 1861 attack on Fort Sumter?

Lincoln succeeded in making the South fire the first shot.

The slave states of the Upper South reacted more favorably to Lincoln’s election than did the slave states of the Lower South. (T/F)

True

Who is identified as an “enemy” in Declaration of the Immediate Causes of Secession?

the federal government

After California proclaimed itself free from Mexican rule, what was it known as?

the bear flag republic

The first Americans in which state established landholdings by legally purchasing the land and becoming Mexican citizens?

Texas

What was the purpose of the Appeal of the Independent Democrats?

Rally opposition to the bill that became the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

Which statement is true about the Confederacy?

The cornerstone of the Confederacy was the desire to continue the practice of slavery.

The famous Lincoln-Douglas debates took place during the campaign for…

U.S. senator from Illinois in 1858.

Which law allowed federal commissioners to determine the fate of fugitives without a jury trial?

the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850

Stephen Douglas hoped to decide the issue of whether Kansas and Nebraska should be slaveowning states by applying the principle of…

popular sovereignty.

The completion of the railroads caused a…

massive economic boom in the United States.

Abraham Lincoln won the 1860 presidential election without a single vote in ten southern states.

True

The Wilmot Proviso never passed as a law. (T/F)

True

Which was the dominant group in the disputed territory in southern Texas until the 1870s?

Comanche

What argument was made by critics of the Dred Scott decision such as James McCune Smith and John McLean?

All free persons born on American soil were automatically citizens.

The explosive population growth and competition for gold brought cooperation among California’s many racial and ethnic groups as they worked together for wealth. (T/F)

False

The Wilmot Proviso, admission of California into the Union, and the Missouri Compromise revealed what?

The extension of slavery was a volatile issue.

In 1860, which state became the first to pass an ordinance of secession and declare itself separated from the Union?

South Carolina

John Brown perpetuated violence over the slavery issue in only Virginia. (T/F)

False

Which position was taken by Stephen Douglas in the Lincoln-Douglas debates?

Local self-government was essential in order for America to truly be a free county.

Which is true of Texas during its time as an independent nation?

Relations between Anglos and Tejanos deteriorated.

The issue of Texas annexation was hotly linked to slavery and affected the nominations of presidential candidates in the 1840s.

True

Which proposed resolution, supported by the North and opposed by the South, attempted to ban slavery in all territory gained from Mexico?

Wilmot Proviso

American settlement in Texas in the 1820s and 1830s…

led Stephen Austin to demand more autonomy from Mexican officials.

Which statement is true about the Confederacy?

The Constitution of the Confederate States of America explicitly guaranteed slave property in the states and in any newly acquired territories.

How do the authors of the 1850 “Letter to the Middletown Sentinel and Witness” accord their opposition to the Fugitive Slave Act with their claim that they “reverence law”?

by portraying the Fugitive Slave Act as so unjust that it cannot be a real law

Which statement is true about the concept of race in the United States in the nineteenth century?

Race was a vague notion; for example, the “Anglo-Saxon race” was defined largely as the opposite of being Black, Hispanic, Indian, or Catholic.

The Free Soil Party…

appealed to northern working-class Americans who saw access to homesteads on western lands as the only possibility for economic independence.

Which party won all the congressional races as well as the governorship in Massachusetts in 1854?

Know-Nothings

The Californios controlled the labor of Indian tribes. (True/False)

True

Why did Mississippi politician Jefferson Davis object in the 1850s to the original design of the Statue of Freedom that now adorns the U.S. Capitol dome?

Its use of an ancient Roman liberty cap on “Freedom” raised a touchy matter about enslaved peoples’ longing for freedom.

The revolutions of 1848 in Europe are indicative of a lasting democratic shift in western European societies.

False

From 1848 to 1860, most of the railroad construction was in which region?

Northwest/westcoast

According to John L. O’Sullivan’s Democratic Review, what was the key to the history of nations and the rise and fall of empires?

race

After Texas independence, the Tejanos lost rights and access to land.

True

In 1821, the opening of the Santa Fe Trail between Santa Fe and ________ led to a reorientation of New Mexico’s commerce from the rest of Mexico to the United States.

Independence, Missouri,

The Appeal of the Independent Democrats was not a very effective piece of political persuasion.

False

Which was a factor in the rise of the Republican Party?

integration of the northern economy following the completion of the railroad network

What occurred in 1848 in Europe?

revolutions against monarchies

Which represents Abraham Lincoln’s views on race in the 1850s?

Black men should have economic opportunities to better themselves.

In the Dred Scott decision, what was the primary reason given by Chief Justice Roger B. Taney for refusing to consider Blacks American citizens?

Blacks had been considered inferior in America for more than a century, including by the founding fathers.

In the contested area between the Nueces River and the Rio Grande, who exercised control until the 1870s?

Comanche Nation