A&P nervous system quiz

sensory input

info gathered by sensory receptors abt internal and external changes

integration

processing and interpretation of sensory input

motor output

activation of effector organs (muscles, glands), produces a response

CNS (central nervous system)

brain, spinal cord

PNS (peripheral nervous system)

cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia

neuroglia (glial cells)

small cells that surround and wrap delicate neurons (support)

neurons (nerve cells)

excitable cells that transmit electrical signals

Astrocytes

exchange materials between neurons and capillaries, most abundant CNS neurogia

Microglial cells

defensive cells in CNS, small ovoid cells with thorny processes that touch and monitor neurons

Ependymal cells

line cerebrospinal fluid-filled cavities

Oligodendrocytes

processes wrap CNS nerves fibers, forming insulating myelin sheaths in thicker new fibers

satellite cells

PNS, exchange materials between neurons and capillaries

Schwann cells

PNS, surround all peripheral nerve fibers and form myelin sheaths, vital to regeneration

Neurons

large, highly specialized cells that conduct impulses

Nuclei

clusters of neuron cell bodies in CNS

Ganglia

clusters of neuron cell bodies in PNS

Tracts

bundles of neuron processes in CNS

Nerves

bundles of neuron processes in PNS

Dendrites

receptive region of neuron, convey messages toward cell body

Axons

conducting region, generates impulses and transmits them along axolemma to axon terminal

axon collaterals

branches off axon

axon terminals

distal ending

terminal

region that secretes neurotransmitters, released into extracellular space

myelin sheath

protect and electrically insulate axon, increase speed of nerve impulse transmission

myelination in PNS

formed by schwann cells

myelination in CNS

formed by processes of oligodendrocytes

white matter

regions of brain and spinal cord with dense collections of myelinated fibers

gray matter

mostly neuron cell bodies and nonmyelinated fibers

multipolar

3 or more processes (1 axon and other dendrites)

bipolar

two processes ( 1 axon 1 dendrite)

Unipolar

1 T like process ( 2 axons)

sensory

transmit impulses from sensory receptors toward CNS, unipolar

motor

carry impulses from CNS to effector, multipolar

Interneurons

lie between motor and sensory neurons, shuttle signals through CNS pathways

voltage

measure of potential energy generated by separated charges

what makes high voltage

bigger difference between + and - areas

current

the flow of electricity from 1 point to another

resistance

whatever gets in the way

Ohms Law

gives relationship of voltage, current, resistance, current = voltage/resistance

voltage gated

open/close in response to changes in membrane potential

chemically gated

open only with binding of specific chemical (exp. neurotransmitter)

mechanically gated

in response to physical deformation of receptors, as in sensory receptors