Biology: Cell Structures and Photosynthesis

Flashcards covering eukaryotic and

Plant Cell Organelles

Structures found in plant cells, including cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, large vacuole, chloroplasts, and lysosomes (usually not emphasized).

Photosynthesis

The biological process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy.

Photosynthesis Word Equation

$$\text{Carbon dioxide} + \text{water} + \text{light energy} \rightarrow \text{glucose} + \text{oxygen}$$

Photosynthesis Reactant Sources

Carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) comes from the air, water ($H_2O$) comes from the roots, and light energy comes from the sun.

Photosynthesis Products

Glucose, which serves as the food and chemical energy produced by the plant, and oxygen ($O_2$), which is released.

Cell wall

A protective outer barrier made of lipids that controls what goes in and out of the cell.

Cytoplasm

The jelly-like fluid filling the cell that holds internal parts and organelles.

Nucleus

The control center of the cell that stores the cell's DNA.

Mitochondria

The powerhouses of the cell that generate energy.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A cellular network that helps make proteins; present in eukaryotic cells as rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Golgi Apparatus

An organelle that sorts, packs, and ships proteins and lipids.

Ribosomes

Tiny structures within the cell that build proteins.

Lysosomes

Sacs containing digestive enzymes that break down cellular waste.

Cytoskeleton

A network of fibers that gives the cell its shape and aids in movement.

Eukaryotic Cell Parts

Structures that make up a eukaryotic cell, including the nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear pore, nuclear envelope, mitochondrion, centriole, lysosome, peroxisome, cilium, Golgi apparatus, cytoplasm, secretory vesicles, rough ER, and smooth ER.