axial skeleton

frontal bone

parietal bone

temporal bone

occipital bone

sphenoid bone

ethmoid bone

mandible

maxillary bones (maxilla)

zygomatic bones

lacrimal bones

nasal bones

palatine bones

vomer

inferior nasal conchae

coronal suture

sagittal suture

squamous suture

lambdoid suture

8

how many cranial bones do we have

temporal and parietal

which cranial bones come in pairs

interlocking, immovable joints that connect the bones in the skull

what are sutures?

tiny irregularly shaped bones that appear within sutures

what are sutural bones?

skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage

parts of axial skeleton

80

how many bones are in the axial skeleton?

14

how many facial bones are there?

maxillary bones (maxillae), zygomatic bones, nasal bones, lacrimal bones, palatine bones, and inferior nasal conchae

which facial bones come in pairs of two?

cavities that encase the eyes (eyesockets), houses the eye muscles and lacrimal glands

orbits

made of bone and hyaline cartilage, divided along midsagittal plane by nasal septum

nasal cavity

paranasal sinuses

mucosa lined air-filled spaces in the bones surrounding the nasal cavity

allow material to flow in and out, lightens the skull, warms and humidifies air, and enhacnes resonance of voice

role of paranasal sinuses

frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary bones

where are paranasal sinuses found?

1. frontal sinus

2. ethmoidal air cells

3. sphenoidal sinus

4. maxillary sinus

list all of the paranasal sinuses

hyoid bone

cervical vertebrae

thoracic vertebrae

lumbar vertebrae

sacrum

coccyx

cervical and lumbar curvatures

concave posteriorly

thoracic and sacral curvatures

convex posteriorly

85; called foramina, canals, and fissures

how many openings does the skull have?

forms forehead and anterior portion of cranium and most of cranial fossa

function of frontal bone

make up superior and lateral aspects of skull

function of parietal bones

protect the brain; enclose it in the cranial cavity; serve as attachment sites for head and neck muscles

function of cranial bones

they articulate with all facial bones EXCEPT mandible

why are maxillary bones keystone bones?

two bones that are medially fused and form the upper jaw and central part of face

maxillary bones

maxillary sinuses (largest of paranasal sinuses)

maxillary bones contain ______________.

form cheekbones and inferolateral margins of orbits

zygomatic bones

2 bones that are fused medially and form our nose bridge

nasal bones

hyaline and bone cartilage

what are nasal bones attached to

2 separates bones that are in the medial walls of the orbits

what are lacrimal bones?

lacrimal fossa

part of lacrimal bones and has lacrimal sac which is part of passageway for tears

form posterior 1/3 of hard palate and the posterolateral walls of the nasal cavity

function of palatine bones

plow-shaped; forms the inferior part of nasal septum

function of vomer

2 bones that form the lateral walls of the nasal cavity

function of nasal conchae

false

The inferior nasal conchae is not the largest of the three pairs of conchae.

lower jab, largest & strongest bone in the face

function of mandible

temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

is part of the mandible and is the only freely movable joint in skull

occipital bone

forms most posterior part of skull

part of the occipital bone that allows for the brain to connect with spinal cord

foramen magnum

the first vertebrae (C1)

the occipital bone articulates with _________.

ligamentum nuchae and many neck & back muscles

occipital bone is a site of attachment for what?

forms that sides of skull around the ears

function of temporal bone

squamous, tympanic, and petrous

three regions of temporal bones

complex-bat shaped bone

sphenoid bone

Because it articulates with all other cranial bones

why is sphenoid bone keystone of cranium?

ethmoid bone

deepest skull bone

function of ethmoid bone

forms roof of nasal cavity and superior part of nasal septum and contributes to medial wall of orbits

movable based for tongue, helps with swallowing, speech, and muscle attachment

function of hyoid bone

not a bone of skull but is considered part of skull AND it does not articulate directly with another bone

2 important things about hyoid bones

stylohyoid ligaments

the hyoid bone is connect through ____________________.

frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary bones

location of paranasal sinuses

mucosa-lined air filled places clustered around nasal cavity

what are paranasal sinuses?

allow material to flow in and out, lightens the skull, warms and humidifies air, and enhances resonance of voice

function of paranasal sinuses

maxillary sinus

largest paranasal sinus

lateral walls of nasal cavity

inferior nasal conchae forms ____________.

abnormal lateral curve

scoliosis

also called hunchback; exaggerated thoracic curvature

kyphosis

also called swayback; accentuated lumbar curvature

lordosis

cushionlike pad composted of two parts

intervertebral discs

nucleus pulpous and anulus fibrosus

two parts of intervertebral discs

inner gelatinous nucleus; gives the disc elasticity and compressibility

role of nucleus pulposus

role of anulus fibrosus

outer collar composed of collagen and fibrocartilage; prevents the nucleus pulposus from expanding during compression and binds the vertebrae together

atlas (C1)

no body or spinous process; movement for “yes”; supports the skull

axis (C2)

similar to cervical vertebrae but has dens; movement for “No”

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx

5 regions of vertebrae

projects posteriorly; it is the part that we feel on our back

spinous process

cervical vertebrae

smallest, lightest vertebrae

7

how many vertebrae are in cervical region?

12

how many vertebrae are in thoracic region?

5

how many vertebrae are in the lumbar region?

thoracic vertebrae

increase in size from from first to last

thoracic vertebrae

articulate with the ribs are facets and demifacets

thoracic vertebrae

circular vertebral foramen

cervical vertebrae

large triangular vertebral foramen

lumbar vertebrae

the vertebrae that receives the most stress

cervical vertebrae

thoracic vertebrae

lumbar vertebrae

sternum, ribs, costal cartilage, and thoracic vertebrae

thoracic cage components