field zoo ID quiz

complete live cycle

four stages; egg, larva, pupa, adult

incomplete/simple life cycle

molts from stage to stage; egg, nymph, nymph adult

coleoptera

beetles, weevils, etc

coleoptera

mouth parts: chewing

metamorphosis: complete

key ID: elytra

lepidoptera

moths and butterflies

lepidoptera

mouth parts: siphoning proboscis

metamorphosis: complete

key ID: scaled wings

hymenoptera

bees, wasps, ants, sawflies

hymenoptera

mouth parts: chewing or lapping

metamorphosis: complete

wings: 2 pair, linked by hamuli

key ID: triangular 4 wings

hemiptera

cicadas, stink bugs, assassin bugs, leaf and tree hoppers, etc

hemiptera

mouth parts: piercing/sucking

metamorphosis: incomplete

key ID: rostrum from head, wing arrangement

diptera

flies, mosquitos

diptera

mouth parts: sucking

metamorphosis: complete

key ID: 1 pair of wings, legless larvae

orthoptera

grasshoppers, crickets, katydids

orthoptera

mouth parts: chewing

metamorphosis: incomplete

wings: 2 pair, forewing leathery tegmina

key ID: jumping legs

phasmatodea

stick insects

phasmatodea

mouth parts: chewing

metamorphosis: simple

wings: often absent or vestigial

key ID: stick like

odonata

dragonflies and damselflies

odonata

mouth parts: chewing

metamorphosis: incomplete

wings: 2 pair, extensive venation

key ID: large eyes, elongated abdomen

mantodea

praying mantids

mantodea

mouth parts: chewing

metamorphosis: incomplete

wings: 2 functional pair

key ID: raptorial forelimbs, elongated pronotum

blattodea

roaches and termites

blattodea

mouth parts: chewing

metamorphosis: incomplete

wings: 2 functional pair

key ID: dorsal ventrally flattened or body shape

neuroptera

lacewings, antlions, owlflies

neuroptera

mouth parts: chewing

metamorphosis: complete

wings: 2 functional pairs, dense branching venation

key ID: dense venation wings, held over body, antennae

insect leg compostion

coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia, tarsus

cursorial insect leg

long and narrow-running

saltatorial insect leg

enlarged, muscular-jumping

raptorial insect leg

enlarged, muscular-hunting

fossorial insect leg

broad, flat-digging

filiform insect antennae

segments same throughout

plumate insect antennae

segments whorls of hair

monofiliform insect antennae

segments are globular

geniculate insect antennae

long scape, segments arranged at angle

aristate insect antennae

terminal enlarged, dorsal bristle

capitate insect antennae

terminal segments enlarged

insect mouthparts

haustellate

liquid food; piercing, sponging, siphoning

mandibulate

solid food-chewing

arachnid life cycles

no metamorphosis, but molts exoskeleton 5-12 times

Chelicerae

pair of appendages location front of prosoma and mouth

Spider chelicerae function

capture prey, inject venom

scorpions and pseudoscorpions chelicerae function

tear and crush food

ticks and mites chelicerae function

cut through host skin

harvestmen chelicerae function

tear and crush food

pedipalps

secondary pair of forward appendages attached to the prosoma

spider pedipalps function

males use for sperm transfer

scorpions pedipalps function

end in chelae (pincer like organ) to seize food

ticks and mites

sensory exploration to host

harvestmen

seize food

guilds

grouping of spiders (or other organisms) based on similar foraging and hunting strategies, or microhabitats

spider order

araneae

araneidae

orb weaving spiders

hunting approach: sit and wait, hair vibration

web type: spiral, wheel shaped

agelenidae

funnel weaving spiders

hunting approach: sit and wait, web vibration

web type: flat, non-sticky, criss-crossing, funnel shaped

linyphiidae

sheet web spiders

hunting approach: sit and wait, hair vibration

web type: flat sheet, non sticky 3D

salticidae

jumping spiders

hunting approach: active stalkers and ambush

web type: not for food, for sleep, retreat, reproduction

lycosidae

wolf spiders

hunting approach: active ground hunters

web type: not for food, line burrows or protective egg sac

pholcidae

cellar spiders

hunting approach: vibration and silk wrapping

web type: messy, irregular, traps due to irregular structure

theridiidae

tangle web spiders

hunting approach: vibration pully system

web type: haphazard, lack pattern, sticky (pulls prey through web)

sicariidae

six eyed spiders

hunting approach: active hunt, vibrations or bury+venom

web type: none or irregular for retreat

opiliones

harvestmen

diagnostic characteristic: fused prosoma and opisthosoma

long, slender legs; direct ingestion

pseudoscorpionida

pseudoscorpions

diagnostic characteristics: fused with no pedicel, 12 segments, no tail but large pincer like pedipalps

ixodida

hard bodied ticks

diagnostic characteristics: distinct head region; denticulate (piercing mouth), leathery outer cuticle

superorders parasitiformes and acariformes

mites

diagnostic characteristics: fused, unsegmented oval body; adults 4 pairs of legs; stalks on legs for attachment

OFT formula

energy/ (search time+handling time)