1.6C) Audition (Hearing)

hearing/audition

an adaptive sense that detects the different frequencies of human voices

an adaptive sense that detects the different frequencies of human voices

hearing/audition

greater sound amplitude

louder

lower sound amplitude

quieter

shorter sound wavelength

higher pitch

longer sound wavelength

lower pitch

stimulus input

the transduction of sound waves into neural impulses

the transduction of sound waves into neural impulses

stimulus input

steps and order of audition

pinna/canal, tympanic membrane, ossicles, oval window, cochlea fluid, basilar membrane/hair cells, auditory nerve

pinna/canal, tympanic membrane, ossicles, oval window, cochlea fluid, basilar membrane/hair cells, auditory nerve

steps and order of audition

Sound localization

small timing difference between when sound reaches each ear

small timing difference between when sound reaches each ear

sound localization

place theory

pitch perception depends on the specific location where vibrations occur along the basilar membrane, that is used for mid frequencies rather than low frequencies

pitch perception depends on the specific location where vibrations occur along the basilar membrane, that is used for mid frequencies rather than low frequencies

place theory

frequency theory

higher pitch means neurons fire at a higher frequency, and lower pitch means neurons fire at a lower frequency

higher pitch means neurons fire at a higher frequency, and lower pitch means neurons fire at a lower frequency

frequency theory

frequency theory flaw

requires neurons to fire faster than they physically can, solution is volley theory

requires neurons to fire faster than they physically can, solution is volley theory

frequency theory flaw

Volley Theory

neurons group and fire in short volleys to keep the neural impulses moving fast enough to replicate the pitch

neurons group and fire in short volleys to keep the neural impulses moving fast enough to replicate the pitch

volley theory

120+ db

immediate damage

immediate damage

120+ db

sensorineural hearing loss

permanent hearing loss caused by hair cell damage in the cochlea or auditory nerve

permanent hearing loss caused by hair cell damage in the cochlea or auditory nerve

sensorineural hearing loss

conduction hearing loss

permanent hearing loss caused by damage to ear canal, eardrums, or ossicles

permanent hearing loss caused by damage to ear canal, eardrums, or ossicles

conduction hearing loss

congenital hearing loss

permanent hearing loss from birth

permanent hearing loss from birth

congenital hearing loss

cochear implants

converts sounds into electrical signals and stimulates the auditory nerve

converts sounds into electrical signals and stimulates the auditory nerve

cochlear implants