5+6 Mitosis and CAC
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12 Terms
Two major parts of cell life cycle
interphase and mitosis
Interphase
Cell carries out its normal activities. DNA is copied toward the end of this phase. Cell prepares to divide. Looks like: An intact nucleus with DNA that is not visibly condensed into chromosomes.
Prophase
Genetic material condenses into chromosomes. Centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell. Spindle fibers form. Nucleolus and nuclear membrane disappear.Looks like: Visible, condensed chromosomes scattered inside the cell.
Metaphase
Chromosomes line up in the center. Spindle fibers attach to the centromere. Looks like: Chromosomes arranged in one line across the middle.
Anaphase
Chromatids separate. Spindle fibers pull chromatids toward opposite ends of the cell. Cytoplasm begins to pinch in. Looks like: Chromatids moving away from the center toward opposite poles.
Telophase
Chromosomes become organized into two separate nuclei. Nuclear membranes return. Looks like: Two nuclei forming at opposite ends of the cell.
What happens after telophase?
Cytokinesis is as the completion of mitosis: Chromosomes unravel. The two daughter cells separate.
Cell cycle checkpoints
The cell cycle has several checkpoints.These checkpoints help ensure that only correctly functioning cells continue through the cycle. If a problem is found at a checkpoint, apoptosis can occur.
Apoptosis
Programmed cell death. occurs if a problem is found at a cell cycle checkpoint.
Cancer
Uncontrolled cell division in a cell or group of cells. Cancer can occur when cells bypass cell cycle checkpoints. This leads to uncontrolled growth and uncontrolled mitosis. A tumor can invade and destroy healthy tissues, eliminating their functions.
Stem cell
An undifferentiated cell.
Differentiation
The process by which cells develop specialized structures and functions. All cells in an individual's body contain the same amount and type of DNA, but they do not all look or function alike. This happens because some portions of DNA are active while others are inactive.