Chapter 16 - Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Peptides

________ are produced when the amide bond connects one amino acid to the ammonium group of the second amino acid carboxylate group.

Long chains

________ of biologically active amino acids are known as proteins.

substrate

A(n) ________ fits the shape of the active site exactly in the lock- and- key model.

covalent binding

A(n) ________ in the active area forms an irreversible inhibitor, which prevents catalytic activity permanently.

biological catalysts

As ________, enzymes act by reducing activation energy and accelerating cell response rates.

protection

In structure, transport, ________, storing, and muscle contraction, some proteins are enzymes or hormones.

Protein

________ is the majority of enzymes.

Molecular protein building blocks

________ are provided by a group of 20 amino acids.

protein denature

A(n) ________ occurs when the secondary, tertiary, or four- part protein structures with loss of biological activity destroy high temperatures, acids or bases, organic compounds, metal ions, or agitation.

Catalysis

________ occurs at the enzyme- substrate complex when amino acid R groups interact with a substrate in the active site of the enzyme.

enzyme

The ________ can bind to another substrate molecule when the products of catalysis are released.

N-terminus peptides

The ________ are designated to substitute for the Ine or Ate of every amino acid name, followed by the C- terminus amino acid name.