AE Lab - 2D & M-Mode Written Comp

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12 Terms

1
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Label M-Mode (aorta level)

RV

IVS

Ao = black box

AV cusps = white lines between boxes

LA

posterior wall

<p>RV</p><p>IVS</p><p>Ao = black box </p><p>AV cusps = white lines between boxes </p><p>LA</p><p>posterior wall</p>
2
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Label M-Mode (MV level)

RV

IVS

LV

MV leaflets

posterior wall

pericardium

<p>RV</p><p>IVS</p><p>LV</p><p>MV leaflets </p><p>posterior wall </p><p>pericardium </p>
3
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Label M-Mode (LV level)

RV

IVS

LV

posterior wall

pericardium

<p>RV</p><p>IVS</p><p>LV</p><p>posterior wall </p><p>pericardium</p>
4
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How & when to measure 2D PLAX (d)

  • end-diastole (QRS onset)

  • right after MV closes

  • biggest LV size

  • at MV leaflet tips


  • IVSd

  • LVIDd

  • LVPWd


<ul><li><p>end-diastole (QRS onset)</p></li><li><p>right after MV closes</p></li><li><p>biggest LV size</p></li><li><p>at MV leaflet tips</p></li></ul><p></p><ul><li><p>IVSd</p></li><li><p>LVIDd</p></li><li><p>LVPWd</p></li></ul><p></p>
5
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How & when to measure 2D PLAX (s)

  • end-systole (~T wave)

  • right after AoV closes

  • smallest LV size

  • at MV leaflet tips


  • LVIDs


<ul><li><p>end-systole (~T wave) </p></li><li><p>right after AoV closes </p></li><li><p>smallest LV size </p></li><li><p>at MV leaflet tips </p></li></ul><p></p><ul><li><p>LVIDs</p></li></ul><p></p>
6
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How & when to measure Zoomed AV

  • mid-systole (right when AV opens)

  • inner edge to inner edge


  • LVOT

    • should be taken 5-10 mm proximal to the annulus

  • Aortic Annulus


<ul><li><p>mid-systole (right when AV opens) </p></li><li><p>inner edge to inner edge</p></li></ul><p></p><ul><li><p>LVOT</p><ul><li><p>should be taken 5-10 mm proximal to the annulus</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Aortic Annulus</p></li></ul><p></p>
7
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How & when to measure Zoomed Ao Root

  • end-diastole (QRS onset)

  • right before AV opens

  • leading edge to leading edge (outer to inner)


  • Aortic Sinus/Sinus of Valsalva

  • STJ

  • Ascending Aorta*


<ul><li><p>end-diastole (QRS onset) </p></li><li><p>right before AV opens</p></li><li><p>leading edge to leading edge (outer to inner) </p></li></ul><p></p><ul><li><p>Aortic Sinus/Sinus of Valsalva </p></li><li><p>STJ </p></li><li><p>Ascending Aorta*</p></li></ul><p></p>
8
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How & when to measure Asc Ao

  • end-diastole (QRS onset)

  • right before AV opens

  • leading edge to leading edge (outer to inner)


  • Ascending Aorta


<ul><li><p>end-diastole (QRS onset)</p></li><li><p>right before AV opens </p></li><li><p>leading edge to leading edge (outer to inner) </p></li></ul><p></p><ul><li><p>Ascending Aorta</p></li></ul><p></p>
9
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How & when to measure IVC

  • inner edge to inner edge

  • ~1-2 cm proximal to IVC/RA junction

  • measured when IVC is at its maximum dimension


<ul><li><p>inner edge to inner edge </p></li><li><p>~1-2 cm proximal to IVC/RA junction </p></li><li><p>measured when IVC is at its maximum dimension</p></li></ul><p></p>
10
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TAPSE value

> 1.7 cm

otherwise systolic dysfunction

<p>&gt; 1.7 cm </p><p>otherwise systolic dysfunction</p>
11
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M-Mode vs 2D for ASE

Per ASE Guidelines, NO PLAX M-mode measurements should be taken due to likelihood of error


2D = Measurements must be perpendicular to chamber walls

12
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Normal IVC size

< 2.1 cm