Psychology Prologue
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46 Terms
how are people commonly exposed to psychology?
Through books, television, magazines, and the internet.
what was Aristotle?
A greek naturalist and philosopher
Who was Edward Tichetner?
A student of Willhelm Wundt, and introduced structuralism.
What was structuralism?
to engage people in self-reflective introspection; looking closely at your own thoughts, feelings, and actions to understand yourself better.
Who did Harvard denied of being the first female Ph.D?
Mary Calkinās
who received the title of harvards first female Ph.D?
Margaret Washburn
Who wrote an influential book called āThe Animal Mindā?,
Margaret Washburn
Who became the first female APA president?
Mary Calkinās
Who introduced psychology to the educated public?
William James
What was Wilhem Wundt?
A philosopher and physiologist
what happened in 1879?
Wilhelm Wundt established one of the first psychology laboratories.
Structuralism
The study of basic elements of the conscious experience.
Functionalism
how the mind and behavior help people adapt to their environment and function in everyday life.
Biopsychosocial Approach
looks at how a personās body, mind, and environment work together to affect their health and behavior.
What did Jean Piaget break the common belief of?
He challenged the common belief that children thought the same exact way as adults.
what does DSM-5 stand for?
Diagnostic Statistical Manual 5th Edition
Why is the DSM-5 important?
It is used to diagnose and treat psychological disorders
Psychology
The science of behavior and mental processes
what was Charles Darwinās major theory?
Natural Selection
What did Ivan Pavlov pioneer?
The study of learning
What theory states that psychology should be an objective science?
Behaviorism
Who was Charles Darwin?
a British naturalist who developed the theory of natural selection to explain how species change over time.
Natural Selection : ?
means that organisms with traits that help them survive and reproduce are more likely to pass those traits to their offspring.
What did william james help establish?
Functionalism
What was Mary Calkin's known for in psychology?
Self-psychology: She believed psychology should focus on the conscious self
What was Mary Calkinās Also known for in psychology?
Paired-associates technique: She developed a method for studying learning and memory by having people learn pairs of items and later recall the matching item.
Who was Sigmund Freud?
An austrian neurologist who founded psychoanalysis
What is psychoanalysis?
A psychological approach that focuses on how the unconscious mind, past experiences, and hidden emotions, influence a persons thoughts or behavior.
What is sigmund freud known for?
The unconscious mind and personality theory.
What did Sigmund Freud personality theory propose?
ID, Ego, SuperEgo
ID
Wants immediate pleasure and satisfaction. āI want it now.ā
Superego
Represents morals and rules. āIs this right or wrong?ā
Superego
Represents morals and rules. āIs this right or wrong?ā
What are Defense Mechanisms according to Sigmund Freud?
unconscious ways the mind protects itself from stress, anxiety, or uncomfortable thoughts and feelings.
Defense Mechanisms Ex:
Denial,Repression,Projection,Displacement
Sigmund Freuds Theory: Life Instinct
Basic drives toward survival and pleasure
Sigmund Freud Theory: Death Instinct
Drives toward aggression, destruction, and self harm
Somatic
means relating to or affecting the physical body, rather than the mind or spirit.
Euthymic
a stable, tranquil, mental state or mood that is free of depressive or manic extremes.
What did Margaret Floyd Washburn study?
animal behavior and how they learn and think
Ego
helps make realistic decisions and control your impulses.
Jean Piagets 4 Cognitive Development Stages:
Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational./ S.P.C.F
Sensorimotor Stage (Birth 2-years)
when you Learn through senses and physical actions
Preoperational Stage (2-7 years)
when you Develop language and imagination but struggle with logical thinking and seeing othersā perspectives.
Concrete Operational (7-11 years)
when you Develop logical thinking about concrete objects and situations.
Formal Operational (12+ years)
when you Develop abstract, hypothetical, and logical thinking.