History Exam Term 1

What were the Civil War amendments

13th- Freed slavery

14th- Provided citizenship to all people who have been recently freed

15th- Black men right to vote

What were Radical Republicans

• People that want to rebuild the South by remaking it like the North 

• Controlled the South through Congress during Reconstruction 

What is a protective tariff

A tax on imported goods to make them more expensive and shield local businesses from foreign competition

Explain a patent

• Patents were created by the government to provide a way for inventors to gain exclusive right to their inventions 

• It stops others from marketing, using, selling, or importing an invention without permission for a limited time

What are the laissez- faire policies

Laissez-faire policies are economic principles that advocate minimal government intervention in business and economic affairs, allowing free-market forces to dictate the economy.

Define a corportation

• A legally separate entity from its owners 

Define a monopoly

• A type of business practice occurs when a corporation or person is the only supplier of a specific good or commodity 

Define a cartel

• An arrangement where businesses making the same product agree to limit production and keep prices high 

What Type of business model assigns stock to a separate organization in order to circumvent law

Trust

What is horizontal integration- provide an example.

• Horizontal integration is the illusion of choice, people didn’t want to buy from the same big companies

• Example: GM made other car brands for people to choose from like GMC, Chevy, Buick, and Cadillac 

What is vertical integration- provide an example.

• Vertical integration is one business owning all entities of the business. 

• Example: CFA owns the farms, trucks, and restaurants

Only the best and brightest can succeed. What is this an example of?

What is the difference between a robber baron and a captain of industry?

• Captains of industry were positive and made a positive impact on the US. They made their money in clever ways. They made factories, made jobs for many people, and lowered the prices of goods. Robber Barons were negative. They wanted to be rich and powerful. They used ruthless methods to crush small businesses and build monopolies. They forced workers into low paying, harsh, and unsafe conditions. 

Explain and give an example of collective bargaining.

• Allowed workers to use their numbers to gain better working conditions

What was the Haymarket Riot?

Who was John D. Rockefeller? What was his business?

How did Rockefeller and Cornelius Vanderbilt co-operate in their businesses?

What was the ICC? Why was it significant?

In geographic terms, describe a push and a pull

Where is Ellis Island located? Which groups of people came to the island?

• Located in New York City

• Eastern Europeans, Southern Europeans, Jews, and Russians 

Where is Angel Island located? Which groups of people came to the island?

• Located in San Francisco 

• Asian, Chinese 

What is nativism?

• The belief that those born in a country have a larger stake in it that immigrants 

What is the concept of the melting pot?

• The concept of the melting pot was having all different types of people all mixed together in the US, includes American and immigrants 

What is the concept of Americanization?

• Changing a surname to sound more English, immigrants adopting to American/English customs 

Describe the gold rush- where was it primarily located?

• Settlers moved west, towns sprung up all over the region providing those who were hoping to get rich with goods and supplies, called this because everyone is going out there searching for gold 

• Primarily located in Pikes Peak and Carson River Valley 

Which type of entrepreneur benefitted the most from the movement West?

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What is a vigilante?

• Took law enforcement in these towns into their own hands, doesn’t follow any specific outlines, codes, or laws that the citizen can understand 

What was a Boomtown?

• As a result of the gold rush, many towns sprung up across the west 

What is a Ghost Town?

What was the significance of the Transcontinental Railroad?

• Built by the Irish and Chinese

• Built by Central Pacific and Union Pacific 

• Unites the whole country by rail

What was the essential job of the cowboy?

• To comb the hundreds of miles the cattle could roam and then bring back the property to the farmer 

What strings were attached to the Homestead Act of 1862?

• Under this Act, the federal government gave away free land to any settler as long as they agreed to stay on the land for five years, dig a well, and build a road 

Be able to name an Indian Tribe and what made that tribe unique.

• The Lakota Sioux lived on the Great Plains where large grassland and bison shaped their culture. They relied on bison for food, clothing, tools, and shelter. They moved from place to place following the herds. 

Who was George Custer and why was he important?

• He was a top soldier, in charge of US Army Forces during the Indian Wars that is better known for his failure at the Battle of Little Big Horn than his success in the Civil War

What happened in the aftermath of the Battle of Little Big Horn?

• The Indians plan worked and George Cutser was killed. His wife protested and spread the story to teach others about what happened. The Indians were able to get back alot of the land that was lost

Which Indian Chief surrendered to US forces but was killed upon surrender? Why?

• Crazy Horse, he was bayoneted  after surrendering because he refused to be imprisoned 

Who was Sitting Bull?

• A Sioux chief who was confronted and accidentally shot in 1890 after his men refused to allow policemen to take him into custody.

What made Wounded Knee significant?

• After the cop shot Sitting Bull, the rest of the Indians fled to Wounded Knee. The officers tracked them down and killed all of the Indians, besides 1 young girl that an army officer ended up adopting.