Non-military interventions- UN peacekeepers
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Timor-Liste, Ivory Coast, Myanmar, Rwanda and Srebrenica Case studies
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What is the first principle of UN peacekeeping?
Must have the consent of all parties in the conflict
What is the second principle of UN peacekeeping?
Forces must remain neutral and impartial
What is the third principle of UN peacekeeping?
No use of force other than self-defence of the mandate that created them
What is an example of a successful non-military intervention?
Timor-Leste
When did Timor-Leste declare independence from Portugal?
1975
What happened 9 days after they gained independence?
Invaded by Indonesia
How many people were killed by 1999?
200,000
When dd the UN get involved?
1982
What percentage of the population were in favour of indepenence?
78.5%
Who started a campaign of violence?
Anti-independence militia
How many people were displaced?
400,000
How many people were killed?
7000
What caused the withdrawal of Indonesia?
USA and UK began arms embargoes
What negative impact happened after Indonesia left?
Lack of skilled people to run the country
What did the UN do when it took control?
Set up structures to maintain law and order to boost development
What still remains a concern in Timor Leste?
Human rights
Why are human rights still a concern?
The legal system deprives citizens of a fair trial
When did the Ivory coast gain independence from the French Colonial rule?
1960
What was Ivory Coast’s production based on?
Production of cocoa and coffee
When was there an attempt to overrule the government?
1999
What happened 3 years after the attempt?
Civil war
Why did the civil war break out?
religious differences between Muslims and Christians
When did the UN peacekeepers restore peace in Ivory coast?
2007
Why did another civil war ensue in 2010?
A Muslim president won over a Christian candidate
What did the UN peacekeepers do to help stop the war?
Arrest the Christian president
What did the Human Rights Watch of 2015 state?
Little was done in dealing with the aftermath, particularly with human rights
What happened in 2021 in Myanmar?
Military leaders carried out a coup, overthrowing a democratic leader
Who has rules Myanmar since 2021?
military dictatorship
What portion of Myanmar live below the poverty line?
40%
How many people face food insecurity?
15 million
Rate of inflation in Myanmar in 2022?
18%
How many people are displaced in Myanmar?
1.7 million
What is the Child Poverty rate in Myanmar?
53%
How many children are out of school in Myanmar?
7 million
What had Myanmar reduced their spending on?
Health, education and police
What portion of Myanmar’s population live in rural areas?
70%
Since the 1990s, how many Rohingya refugees have fled Myanmar to Bangladesh?
1 million
What was a major failing in UN peacekeeping?
1994 Rwandan Genocide
How many people died in the Rwandan genocide?
1 million
What happened in the 1999 inquiry?
UN ignored evidence that the genocide was planned
How many peacekeepers were withdrawn after the murder of 10 Belgian soldiers?
2,500
What happened after the peacekeeping forces deserted a school where Tutsis were taking shelter?
Hundreds were massacred
When was the Bosnian war?
1992-95
What happened on July 11 1995?
Bosnian Serb forces entered Srebrenica
What happened when they entered Srenrenica?
Executed 8,000 Muslim men
How many Dutch infantry were supposed to be protecting civilians?
600